Home Blog Page 126

Meet the Pakistani director, who used a Rabindrasangeet in her TV serial

Kolkata: About a week back, Bengalis on social media were pleasantly surprised by the emergence of a video clip where a beautiful girl is seen singing “amaro porano jaha chay”, one of Rabindranath Tagore’s most popular compositions, as an equally handsome young man listens with eyes wide open. This romantic situation is as common for Bengalis as mustard oil to cook hilsa, albeit these were Pakistani actors Yumna Zaidi and Feroze Khan. They were speaking in Urdu but the song was in impeccable Bangla, that too, a Rabindrasangeet! The clip soon went viral among Bengalis. Sure there were doubters who asked if it was a carefully done deep fake, but enterprising Bengalis soon found out that it was actually a scene from Geo TV’s 2019 serial Dil Kya Kare. They even found that director Mehreen Jabbar had herself posted another sequence on Instagram, where Yumna is seen singing the other part of the same song.

It was enough to make everyone in Bengal curious about Mehreen. How did a Pakistani lady like her come to know of a Rabindrasangeet? Who sang the song for her? Why did she decide to use a Bangla song in an Urdu serial? And, of course, that question every Bengali asks at the drop of a hat: is Mehreen somehow connected to Bengal?

She not only answered those, taking time out of her busy schedule, but also spoke about the subcontinent’s shared cultural heritage and how politics often makes us forget how similar we, the people of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, are. Excerpts from the exclusive interview to eNewsroom:

How did you find Rabindranath Tagore? I know you have worked with people like Debajyoti Mishra and Nandita Das but is there a bigger Bengal connection that led you to him?

I found this piece because my friend Sharvari Deshpande [Indian actor and singer], who sang it, was in New York some years back, and she had sung it at a gathering. I was immediately drawn to the song even though I didn’t understand the words. Later, I got her to send the translations to me and I totally fell in love with it, knew that I wanted to use it in the serial because it gelled well with the character of Yumna Zaidi. Therefore, I asked Sharvari to record it and send it to me.

Have you read Rabindranath in original or via translation? Has he become a habit for you or do you read him/listen to his songs occasionally?

I had never read him either in original or through translation, so it was a discovery for me as well. Going forward, I’m intrigued and curious because I simply fell in love with him. This is an education for me, which I hope to take farther.

What prompted you to use a Rabindrasangeet in an Urdu serial?

It was purely an emotional response. I loved the song so much and by pure luck, it was fitting in really well with two or three scenes I used the piece in. It wasn’t in the script to start with. I think that came about later, when I was going through the story [by Asma Nabeel], and felt at these places this would be the most appropriate piece to use.

Is it common among Pakistani youth to sing Rabindrasangeet? Do they really sing them among themselves as shown in the serial?

Unfortunately, it’s not that common unless people have family who are Bengali, or lived in Bangladesh, or know about West Bengal. I’m sure there are such people in Pakistan but I haven’t been part of any such gathering. So, this was a new situation that we depicted.

You were born the year Bangladesh seceded from Pakistan and became an independent country. The conflict started over the use of Urdu over Bangla in the then east Pakistan. There is still some antipathy towards Urdu at least in my part of Bengal because of that. This is partly why Bengalis in West Bengal are euphoric seeing these clips. Almost every media platform has done a story on this. People here want to know if Pakistan has got over its cultural opposition to Bangla. To be specific, was the use of Rabindrasangeet received well, or did you face problems for using a Bangla song in your work?

Unfortunately, the younger lot in Pakistan, including me, never heard much discussion about 1971. There wasn’t much examination of the incidents either. With the result that there is no opposition to using Bangla, or any preconceived notion about it. They (the youth) are very open. Unfortunately, there hasn’t been enough cultural exchange with Bangla as opposed to Bollywood cinema, which is very popular in Pakistan. Because people can easily understand Hindi. Having said that, I think there’s great scope for exploring this aspect. There was no problem using Bangla at all, and in future I really doubt there would be.

Dil Kya Kare was aired in 2019. After the “amaro porano jaha chay” clip, a few other clips have emerged of other Pakistani serials where Bangla songs, not Rabindrasangeet, have been used. Can you tell me how long has this been going on and what is the reason? I mean, is there a sizeable Bangla-speaking audience in Pakistan? Or is it done to attract spectators from Bangladesh or West Bengal, keeping in mind this is the age of OTT platforms?

I would love to see the other clips where Bangla songs have been used in Pakistani serials. I think that is fantastic. I’m not personally aware of it. It’s incredible if that’s happened. But when I used this song, there was no motive in mind. It was just a beautiful rendition by Sharvari, and it went well with the story. That was the main reason. I’m just very happy that so many years after the serial was aired, it has been noticed and appreciated. That is really heart-warming to realise that.

Last question. How difficult is it for today’s artists to proactively share the cultural legacy of the subcontinent? Are there social or political obstacles? If the answer is yes, then do you see a light at the end of the tunnel?

It’s a good question. It’s unfortunate that one of the first casualties of differences between governments are the artists. They should be the last ones affected. It’s funny that trade goes on, other exchanges go on but the artists on all three sides are always marginalised. That is unfortunate. However, there are people who are still trying to collaborate. As you know, I’ve done Ramchand Pakistani in 2008, I’ve done Ek Jhoothi Love Story for Zee5, hopefully I’ll be doing another one for them. I hope this exchange continues because that is the only way, I feel, for people to get to know each other. Because there is ignorance and lack of understanding but so many similarities, so many things we share: the love for the land, for food, for clothing. There’s so much that is similar, even though we are different. There’s a shared humanity that exists in all three countries. I don’t think enough has been done to highlight that in a positive way. I hope all the governments loosen the leash because artists and art are all about creating an understanding and respect for each other.

I also feel Pakistan is unfortunately under-represented in both India and Bangladesh, especially in India. Not enough Pakistani drama or music or books get shared in your country. Whereas there’s a lot more coming in from India. But one has to always hope and not be negative. We must always hope for a better future.

From public apology to sit-in: What BJP leaders wanting to join TMC are doing to express mistake committed

0

Birbhum/Kolkata: What goes around comes around is the aptest word to describe West Bengal politics today.

Three months back, what political observers in Bengal could not believe is a stark reality today. Before the announcement of assembly polls and during it, there was a hoarde joining Bharatiya Janata Party in the state. But, after the assembly election mandate, the reverse has begun.

Now the talk of the town is how BJP leaders are expressing their desire to desert the saffron camp to join the ruling Trinamool Congress party led by Mamata Banerjee. They are also publicly claiming that it was a mistake to have joined BJP.

The defection scene in Birbhum in the last few days was very unique as several BJP workers after making the announcement of them wanting to join the ruling party once again on a loudspeaker placed on a moving Toto vehicle.

What followed next was even more surprising. On Monday, almost 50 turncoat workers were seen sitting outside TMC office at Illambazar in Birbhum with placards in hand demanding to rejoin TMC.

The placards read that, they have committed serious mistakes by joining BJP, while some read that by staying under Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee they can work for the people of Bengal.

BJP’s Mukul Mandal who wants to rejoin TMC claimed that he had joined the BJP thinking that they would win and also thought the saffron camp was better than TMC.

Video of a BJP worker doing public announcement to leave BJP and join TMC

In the Nanur district, BJP supporters also made a public announcement that they committed the biggest blunder by defecting to the saffron fold and rendered an apology publicly for the TMC Supremo Mamata Banerjee for not supporting her during the Assembly election.

In Bolpur, people who want to join TMC have also made an announcement and claimed, “We were persuaded by the BJP. It is a fraudulent party. We have no alternative to Hon’ble CM Mamata Banerjee.”

In Sainthia, a group of 300 BJP workers returned to the TMC after taking an oath. BJP youth wing district president Tapas Saha said that he could not do anything in the BJP and is joining the TMC to participate in development.

However, state BJP chief Dilip Ghosh claims the partymen have been threatened so they are joining TMC. "Also, lakhs have joined BJP, so 10% leaving is not a big number to worry about," he reacted.

The defections and infighting amongst the BJP leaders began from May 2, but the recent trend suggests more defection after turncoat Mukul Roy reentered the TMC.

Sources said, after Mukul making ghar wapasi he had called 10 BJP MLAs and one MP to join TMC.

But it is not that easy for TMC turncoat to become part of the ruling dispensation, as the effigy of another turncoat leader Rajib Banerjee was burnt in Domjur area as Rajib too post-poll debacle had shown his interest for ghar wapasi.

Terming Rajib as ‘Gaddar’ and ‘Mirzaffar’, TMC cadres of Domjur in Howrah had put out posters across the area and asked the senior party leaders not to take back Rajib in TMC.

Significantly, when BJP’s leader of opposition Suvendu Adhikari went to meet Governor Jagdeep Dhankar over post poll violence, 24 MLAs skipped the meet, raising further fear of those legislators deserting the party in future.

Covid-19 second wave in India and three corona warriors

0

The second wave of the corona has let hell loose throughout our nation. Lakhs of people have been affected and precious lives lost. As the wave subsides we come to know of a few true crusaders who silently helped Covid-19 infected patients during the second wave. Here are three Corona warriors.

Himanshu Kalia

The down-to-earth Ambulance Man of New Delhi, Himanshu and his wife Twinkle Kalia are well-known ambulance drivers starting their noble mission a decade ago they have rendered selflessly 24 hrs free ambulance service and blood bank facilities to countless in Delhi. During the corona waves, both risked their lives day and night providing voluntary ambulance and blood bank services throughout the capital. 

Twinkle had breast cancer, but it did not stop her from executing humanitarian duties along with her husband. They even helped countless to perform their departed ones’ last rites free of cost and cooked as well as serving food to feed hundred in their Lalbaug Delhi residential areas. The couple has extended the same services to Jaipur, Chandigarh, Ahmedabad and Mumbai among others.

“I could not tolerate the sufferings of countless around me. So I decided to serve as many as I could in exchange for simple goodwill. Money making in this line has never been my plan,” said Himanshu Kalia.  

While Twinkle Kalia mentioned, “So what if I have breast cancer. I did as much as my health permitted to help those in distress.”

Sangita Reddy

Pete Seiger sang the immortal number, “Where have all the flowers gone”. Sangita Reddy the internationally reputed and ethnic beauty who is a healthcare icon sings, “The flowers are blooming around us. Roses, jasmines and sunflowers.” With true grit, honest commitment and a never say die motto, Sangita Reddy excelled in healthcare management activities of her group of hospitals throughout India. Be it patient care, medical activities or even tackling the fearful oxygen crisis, she never lost her cool. 

Sangita has published a guidebook to help people deal with Corona infection. Sangita said about her initiatives, “I was shocked to learn about the sad demise of eminent cardiologist Dr KK Aggarwal from the corona. I cannot sit on an ivory tower during this pandemic crisis. So I am trying my level best to give medical support in every way my hospital can. I am also giving priority to vaccination.”

Dr Raj Merchant

This ever-smiling naturopathist has been curing many critical diseases with his unique leaf therapy. At his residence in Malad, East (Mumbai), he nurtures more than a thousand leaves on three acres of land. For corona patients, he prescribes a special leaf medicine that cures chest congestion and helps to balance oxygen levels. Never has Dr Raj Merchant spoken against allopath treatment. The doctorate in naturopathy from Nasik University is now conducting many experiments with other leaves to research corona cures. Dr. Merchant also visited Germany earlier and brought to the notice of Germans the use of leaf therapy successfully.

He said, “All severe ailments can be cured if nature is properly used and not destroyed. Nature has its way of curing many diseases. I love to experiment with leaf therapy in various forms to cure ailments which create problems for human beings.”

Is Delhi creating another power center in Bengal BJP?

0

Kolkata: The dynamics in the West Bengal unit of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) are changing fast. After its loss, another big setback had been the defection of the party’s national vice-president Mukul Roy to the ruling party.

Political analysts are also pointing out another shift in BJP’s approach to regional politics. They say a party, which has always been closely connected with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) in its functioning, is slowly moving out of it and a prime example of it is Suvendu’s elevation as leader of opposition in the Bengal assembly, ignoring old-timers.

In neighbouring Assam, the party anointed another recruit Himanta Biswa Sarma as the chief minister. These elevations of recruits, political strategists say, were unheard of in earlier times.

Election of Suvendu raises many questions

Raising Suvendu’s stock further within the party has been his recent visit to New Delhi, where he got an audience from the Prime Minister, Union home minister and also the party president, without the knowledge of the state chief.

When Suvendu was in Delhi, he had missed a meeting called by the BJP’s Bengal state unit, when asked Dilip Ghosh about his absence, he had reacted, “Suvendu was aware of the meeting. Still, he went to Delhi, Why he went I am not aware. Leaders in Delhi can say better.”

The importance is given to Suvendu by central leadership hints that he is being made to stand before the stature of TMC’s top leaders.

But as every coin has two sides, the elevation of Suvendu had not only made Ghosh uncomfortable but immediate reaction comes from in the form of the defection of Mukul Roy. Roy, the founder of TMC, returned to his home, along with his son.

Another power center

Political analyst Udayan Bandopadhyay pointing to the sharp reaction of Dilip Ghosh when asked about Suvendu’s Delhi visit, says the party, known for its discipline and ideology, is suffering from indiscipline. It is going the Congress way, the party of the’80s. He though is not ready to equate Suvendu’s position with that of Biswa Sarma in Assam. “You can’t equate the two. Assam has a different political history from West Bengal. Sarma was instrumental in building up the passion against Badruddin Ajmal’s AIUDF. But the party could not replicate that against the Trinamool. Biswa Sarma had taken part in the socio-political movement in Assam, whereas Suvendu can only claim to his credit is the Nandigram movement, which was much smaller in magnitude,” he said.

bengal bjp suvendu adhikari center
Dilip Ghosh and Suvendu Adhikari | Courtesy: anandabazar.com

In Bengal, the saffron brigade missed a trick by not projecting a Bengali leader. “The party’s manifesto was launched by Amit Shah, instead of a Bengali. We later saw how the Bengalis rejected the ‘outsiders’,” said Bandopadhyay.

Analysing Suvendu as a leader, Bandopadhyay said, “He is a byproduct of the Congress culture (which never had discipline as its forte), whereas Dilip Ghosh has had a Sangh background. Till now, he only was basking in reflected glory. Now is the time for Adhikari to prove his mettle. Let’s see how he fares.”

Political observers also believe that the BJP may be creating another power centre in Bengal. “Two power centres can exist; there is no problem with that – one within the legislature and another, outside. But somebody has to discipline them,” felt Bandopadhyay.

Three factions in Bengal BJP

Senior Journalist Paranjoy Guha Thakurta, commenting on the BJP’s present situation, said, “The fissure in the BJP has come out in the open after the loss. The Sangh Parivar had always been associated with the BJP. The Sangh products are Dilip Ghosh and Rahul Sinha among others. Then there are leaders, who joined the BJP from TMC much ahead of the assembly elections. Suvendu falls in the third category, recent recruits just ahead of the polls. These 3 factions are now feuding.”

Union minister Babul Supriyo rubbishes any such suggestions of discord within the state unit. He told eNewsroom, “He fought the election against the tallest leader in Bengal today and won. He was chosen leader of the opposition. He can naturally come to Delhi. What is there to speculate?” On the many voices of criticism surfacing in the open, courtesy the social media, he said, “In a democracy, everyone has the freedom to voice their opinion but the party stands united.”

Sources in the party acknowledge that the state BJP chief reaction at a press meet made things obvious. “He shouldn’t have reacted in that manner. He made things obvious by his statements. After the vote, there have been tectonic changes. Let the dust settle. Discussions are on in Delhi on Bengal politics and in a month a clearer picture would emerge. Suvendu is an important leader in Bengal BJP. He will get importance wherever he goes. His clout over his people has to be acknowledged.”

Political analyst Bhaskar Sinha Roy says that many of the probable defectors in the BJP are waiting to see what post and responsibility Mukul Roy gets in the Trinamool. “The BJP leaders sounding the discordant note may not do so in the days to come if Roy doesn’t get a good bargain,” he said.

Gargi Mukherjee, a staunch supporter of Suvendu and part of the Dadar Anugami team in Haldia, who moved to the BJP from the TMC along with her leader, believes the Nandigram MLA is a fighter and is also accommodative. “Dada (Suvendu) knows how to take people along with him. He always discourages us from focusing on individual goals but collective interests. The importance he has been getting in the party has made us believe that people with potential are promoted irrespective of their background. His Delhi visit makes that amply clear,” she said.

Significantly, even after the claims of more than 200 seats and forming next government in Bengal, BJP could get only 77 seats (after two people’s resignation and Mukul Roy’s departure, they have 74 MLAs), but neither party’s state president take responsibility nor centeral leadership has been able to remove him. Now it will be interesting to see, how ‘the gamble’ to elevate Suvendu works for the party.

तमाम कृषि संकटों के बीच क्यों बड़ा है खेती में आधुनिकता का संकट?

कोरोना महामारी के दौर में अपनी रोजीरोटी को लेकर जद्दोजहद करने की कई सारी कहानियों के बीच पिछले दिनों एक कहानी मध्य-प्रदेश के खरगोन जिले के पथोरा गांव के युवा इंजीनियर सुधीर पटेल की चर्चा में आई, जिसमें जिन्होंने अपने अठारह एकड़ के खेत में जैविक खेती की और उससे उत्पादित गेंहू की उपज को बेचने के लिए दुबई भेजा। यह कहानी इस क्रम में महत्त्वपूर्ण है कि जैविक खेती यानी रसायन-मुक्त परंपरागत खेती और उससे उत्पादित खाद्य-पदार्थों की मांग दिनों दिन बढ़ती जा रही है। यह मांग इससे जुड़ी इस तरह की सभी कहानियों की इस अवधारणा को अच्छी तरह से समझने के लिए प्रेरित करती है कि खेती के संकट का समाधान और लोगों की आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति कृषि आधारित पारंपरिक तौर-तरीकों में भी छिपी हो सकती है। यदि बाजार के दबाव में हम इसकी अनदेखी करके आधुनिक पद्धतियों को अपनाएं और उनका अंधाधुंध उपयोग करें तो इससे नए तरह के खतरे पैदा हो सकते है। लिहाजा, वर्ष 2015 में संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ के खाद्य एवं कृषि संगठन (एफएओ) ने खेती में रसायनों के बढ़ते उपयोग के कारण अगले 60 वर्षों तक ही खेत खेती करने योग्य रह जाएंगे। इसके पहले संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ समर्थक इंटरनेशनल असेसमेंट ऑफ एग्रीकल्चर नॉलेज, साइंस एंड टेक्नोलॉजी ने 2008 में रसायन आधारित और इनपुट इंटेंसिव कृषि के टिकाऊपन और चिरस्थायी होने पर गंभीर सवाल खड़े उठाए थे।

इसलिए आज देश-दुनिया में जैविक खेती और उसके रसायन-मुक्त उत्पादों की तरफ बढ़ती प्रवृत्ति कुछ नया नहीं है बल्कि खेती के क्षेत्र में अपने आपको दशकों पीछे की ओर ले जाना ही है। प्रश्न यह है कि आज जब हमें दशकों पीछे लौटना पड़ रहा है तो ऐसी नौबत आई ही क्यों कि हमें एक समय इसे छोड़ने के लिए मजबूर किया गया था? इसे समझने के लिए आज हमें एक बार फिर से 1960 के दशक में शुरू हुई हरित-क्रांति यानी ग्रीन-रेव्यूलेशन की कहानी जाननी चाहिए, लेकिन नए सिरे और संदर्भों के साथ।

साठ के दशक में भारत के सामने खाद्यान्न की कमी एक विकट समस्या के तौर पर उभरकर सामने आई थी। तब स्थिति कुछ ऐसी बन गई कि कहा जाने लगा यदि खाद्यान्न विदेशों से नहीं मंगाया गया तो देश में अकाल के कारण भुखमरी बढ़ेगी। लेकिन, इसी समय एक समस्या यह थी कि देश नया-नया स्वतंत्र हुआ था और खाद्यान्न को आयात करने के लिए सरकार के पास विदेशी मुद्रा की भारी कमी थी। दूसरी तरफ, अमेरिका गेंहू का इस हद तक उत्पादन कर रहा था कि उसके पास जरूरत से ज्यादा गेंहू का भंडार हो गया था और वह जहाज में भर-भरकर गेंहू को समुद्र में डुबोने के लिए मजबूर था। इस दौरान भारत ने अमेरिका के साथ एक करार किया जिसके तहत भारत अमेरिका से गेंहू का आयात विदेशी मुद्रा की बजाय रुपए में कर सकता था। हालांकि, वह गुणवत्ताहीन गेंहू था जिसे खरीदने के अलावा तब भारत के पास कोई चारा नहीं था। इस तरह, भारतीय लोगों तक राशन प्रणाली के अंतर्गत यह गुणवत्ताहीन गेंहू पहुंचाया जाने लगा।

इसके बाद भारत में गेंहू आयात के साथ ही गेंहू की एक नई किस्म ईजाद की गई जो मैक्सिकन गेंहू की प्रजाति को भारतीय गेंहू की प्रजाति के साथ क्रॉस ब्रीडिंग करके तैयार की गई थी। यानी भारत में गेंहू के साथ कृषि की नई प्रौद्योगिकी का भी आयात हुआ। क्रॉस ब्रीडिंग से तैयार नए किस्म के गेंहू की विशेषता यह थी इसकी फसल ज्यादा ऊंची नहीं होती थी, जिससे सिंचाई के दौरान पानी के दबाव से उसकी पौध मिट्टी में नहीं गिरती थी। लेकिन, इस प्रजाति के गेंहू को उगाने के लिए न्यूनतम सात बार सिंचाई की जरूरत पड़ती थी। इसकी दूसरी समस्या यह थी कि यह विदेशी प्रजाति से तैयार किया गया था इसलिए देसी कीड़ों से यह अपना बचाव नहीं कर पाता था। इसका मतलब यह था कि इसे बचाने के लिए कीटनाशकों की भी जरूरत समझी जाने लगी, जबकि देसी गेंहू की प्रजातियों को कीड़े नुकसान नहीं पहुंचा पाते थे। इसलिए तब तक कीटनाशक दवाइयां भारत में बनती नहीं थीं, लिहाजा अब गेंहू की प्रौद्योगिकी के बाद देश में कीटनाशकों के आयात का रास्ता भी खुल गया और भारत गेंहू आयात के बाद कृषि प्रौद्योगिकी और कीटनाशकों के मामले में अमेरिका पर निर्भर हो गया।

लेकिन, बात यहीं खत्म नहीं हुई बल्कि गेंहू की नई प्रजाति की फसल तैयार करने के लिए न्यूनतम सात बार सिंचाई करनी भी जरूरी थी, इसलिए गेंहू की पैदावार को ध्यान में रखते हुए भारी पूंजी निवेश और विदेशी कर्ज लेकर बिजली आधारित सिंचाई की विशालकाय प्रणालियां विकसित करने पर जोर दिया जाने लगा। यह पूरी प्रणाली बांध, नहर और भूमिगत सिंचाई के साधनों पर टिकी थी जिससे विस्थापन सहित पर्यावरण से जुड़े जो नुकसान हुए वह अपने आप में इतिहास का एक अलग अध्याय है। वहीं, गेंहू की नई प्रजाति के साथ एक जरूरत यह भी जुड़ी थी कि यदि किसानों को इसकी ज्यादा से ज्यादा पैदावार चाहिए तो वे अपनी फसल में रासायनिक खाद का उपयोग अवश्य करें। लेकिन, भारतीय गेंहू में तो देसी खाद डाला जाता था तो तब तक रासायनिक खादों का उत्पादन भी भारत में नहीं होता था। जाहिर है कि गेंहू, गेंहू की नई प्रजाति, कीटनाशक और सिंचाई व बिजली की उच्च-तकनीक के साथ बड़े पैमाने पर रासायनिक खाद का आयात भी अमेरिका से किया जाने लगा।

इन सबका परिणाम यह हुआ कि इनसे भारत पर आयात संबंधी नीतियों पर भारी वित्तीय बोझ पड़ने लगा और भारत सरकार पर विदेशी कर्ज का भार लगातार बढ़ने लगा। इसकी शुरुआत गेंहू खरीदी से हुई जो एक मामूली कर्ज था, लेकिन इसके बाद गेंहू के उत्पादन में आत्मनिर्भर बनने के लिए गेंहू की जो नई प्रजाति बनाई गई उसने खेती की पद्धति और बाजार को पूरी तरह बदल दिया था और नई-नई चीजों का आयात बढ़ने के कारण विदेशी कर्ज की पूंजी बढ़ती चली गई। इसलिए साठ से अस्सी के दशक के बीच भारत सरकार द्वारा इतना कर्ज लिया गया कि अगले कई दशकों तक उसे चुकाना मुश्किल रहा। मानो विदेशी कर्ज को चुकाना ही देश की सरकारों के लिए बड़ी जवाबदेही बन गई हो। इस तरह, देश के बजट का एक बड़ा हिस्सा कर्ज अदा करने में खर्च किया जाने लगा।

इसके अलावा एक अन्य समस्या अनुवांशिकी के साथ जुड़ी हुई थी। हरित-क्रांति के पहले भी पंजाब गेंहू के उत्पादन में आगे था और यहीं से देश भर के लिए गेंहू की आपूर्ति की जाती थी। पंजाब और देश के अन्य क्षेत्रों में गेंहू की कई प्रजातियां बोई जाती थीं। इसका लाभ यह था कि किसी साल यदि किसी कीड़े ने गेंहू की एक प्रजाति को नुकसान पहुंचाया भी तो दूसरे खेत में लगा दूसरी प्रजाति का गेंहू बच जाता था। लेकिन, जब आमतौर पर एक ही प्रजाति का गेंहू उगाया जाने लगा तो इसका मतलब यह है कि किसी साल किसी कीड़े ने गेंहू की फसल को नुकसान पहुंचाया तो सभी खेतों की फसल इसकी चपेट में आ सकती थी। इससे किसानों के सामने नई तरह की आर्थिक चुनौतियां भी बढ़ने लगीं।

दरअसल, गेंहू की नई प्रजाति से शुरुआत में किसानों का उत्पादन तेजी से बढ़ा, लेकिन बाद में खेती की लागत बढ़ने लगी क्योंकि नई तरह की खेती में बीज, कीटनाशक, रासायनिक खाद, बिजली और पानी की कीमतों में बढ़ोतरी होती चली गई। हालांकि, हरित-क्रांति के दस-पंद्रह सालों तक भी उत्पादन इतना अधिक था कि किसान अधिक लागत लगाकर भी मुनाफे का एक अंतर बनाए रखते थे, मगर इसके बाद एक अलग तरह का नुकसान दिखाई पड़ने लगा। नुकसान यह कि कई किसान अब शिकायत करने लगे कि उनके खेतों की मिट्टी खराब हो गई है जिसमें पहले की तरह फसल नहीं उगाई जा सकती है। अच्छी पैदावार के लालच में किसानों द्वारा अपने खेतों में यूरिया और फास्फेट जरूरत से ज्यादा उपयोग करना इतना घातक होता गया कि मिट्टी की उत्पादकता कम होती चली गई। इसके बाद खेती का मुनाफा कम होता गया, लेकिन इसकी गति धीमी थी तो किसानों को एकदम से इसका नुकसान समझ नहीं आया। हालांकि, यही वह दौर था जब सरकारी स्तर पर भी किसानों को रासायनिक खाद और कीटनाशकों के उपयोग के लिए सब्सिडी दी जाने लगी। इससे खेती की मिट्टी पहले की तुलना में और तेजी से खराब होने लगी। इससे पर्यावरण का संतुलन बिगड़ा और खेतीबाड़ी में यह एक स्थायी समस्या के तौर पर शामिल होती गई।

इसके बाद जब बड़े किसानों को लगा कि उनके रसायन-युक्त खेत की मिट्टी में फसल का अच्छा उत्पादन संभव नहीं है तो एक नया ट्रेंड शुरू हुआ जिसमें वे छोटे किसानों की जमीन खरीदकर या किराए से लेकर रासायनिक खाद और कीटनाशकों पर आधारित खेती करने लगे। ऐसा इसलिए कि एक समय तक छोटे किसानों का एक बड़ा वर्ग पारंपरिक खेती इसलिए कर पा रहा था कि आधुनिक खेती के लिए उसके पास पैसे और अन्य संसाधन नहीं थे। ऐसे में खेती की जो जमीन जहर से बची हुई थी वह भी प्रदूषित होनी शुरू हो गई। फिर साल-दर-साल जब खेती में पूंजी की मांग बढ़ने लगी तो किसान साहूकार और बैंकों में जाकर पहले से अधिक कर्ज मांगने लगे तथा कर्जदार बनते चले गए।

प्रश्न है कि साठ के दशक में जब देश गंभीर रुप से खाद्यान्न की कमी से जूझ रहा था और अकाल की स्थितियां बनी हुईं थीं तब सरकार के पास क्या कोई दूसरा विकल्प था? इसके उत्तर में कहा जा सकता है कि तब भी भारतीय वैज्ञानिकों का एक वर्ग था जो भारतीय गेंहू के साथ मैक्सिकन गेंहू की क्रॉस ब्रीडिंग के पक्ष में नहीं था। इस वर्ग का कहना था कि भारतीय गेंहू की प्रजातियों में ही अनुसंधान किया जाएं और ऐसी प्रजातियों को ढूंढ़ा जाए जो अधिक उत्पादन दे सकें। इसके पीछे भारतीय कृषि वैज्ञानिकों का मत था कि भारतीय गेंहू की प्रजाति देसी होने की वजह से यहां के कीड़ों का मुकाबला कर सकती थीं, फिर उन्हें सात बार सिंचाई की जरूरत भी नहीं थी और न ही रासायनिक खादों की ही जरूरत थी। ये भारतीय कृषि वैज्ञानिक क्रॉस ब्रीडिंग की बजाय देसी गेंहू की प्रजातियों की पहचान करने और चयन की प्रक्रिया पर जोर दे रहे थे। इन्होंने तब गेंहू की कुछेक प्रजातियों को खोजा भी और अनुसंधान के दौरान इस बात की पुष्टि भी कराई कि भारत में ही गेंहू की कुछ प्रजातियां हैं जो अत्याधिक तो नहीं लेकिन अपेक्षाकृत अधिक फसल देने की क्षमता रखती थीं और यदि ऐसी प्रजातियों को प्रोत्साहित किया जाता तो देश खेतीबाड़ी के अन्य संकट से बचा होता।

हरित-क्रांति के दौर में ही भारत सरकार ने अपने देश में ही गेंहू की तर्ज पर ही कई अन्य फसलों की पैदावार बढ़ाने के लिए कृषि अनुसंधान को प्रोत्साहित किया और इसके लिए भारतीय कृषि अनुसंधान परिषद भी गठित की। लेकिन, यह संस्था गेंहू की प्रजाति की तरह धान आदि में भी ऐसी प्रजाति ढूंढ़ने लगी जो कृषि में इंटरनेशल बिजनेस मॉडल पर आधारित हो। कारण यह कि जो देसी किस्में खेती की लागत नहीं बढ़ा सकती हैं उनसे बाजार को लाभ नहीं होता। इसलिए ऐसी फसल की प्रजातियों को बढ़ावा दिया गया जो अधिक से अधिक और मंहगे कीटनाशक, रासायनिक खाद, पानी, बिजली और प्रौद्योगिकी मांगे जिससे खेती का धंधा फले-फूले।

Big loss of face for BJP, party’s national vice-president joins TMC

Kolkata: Former Railway Minister of India, Mukul Roy, who was among the first to join Bharatiya Janata Party in 2017, following which around 40 legislators of Trinamool Congress had defected, has returned back to the party that he had founded along with TMC supremo Mamata Banerjee. 

Mukul’s son, Subrangnshu, a former TMC MLA had joined BJP following his father, has also followed Roy senior’s footstep. The two times MLA had contested on Lotus symbol but lost to TMC in the recently concluded Assembly election.

Three reasons for Mukul’s defection from BJP

Mukul Roy, who played a key role in BJP getting 18 seats for the first time in West Bengal, wanted to become a minister in Narendra Modi cabinet, but he was denied the position. Later, he was given organizational berth and was even made national vice-president. The Krishnanagar MLA, it is learnt, was not interested to contest the 2021 assembly polls, but he was fielded by the party. But, the last setback for Mukul was Suvendu Adhikari being made the Leader of Opposition by BJP and not Roy, who is much senior to Adhikari.

Also, the fact that Adhikari has been given easy access to Home Minister Amit Shah and PM Narendra Modi, which has never been granted to Roy despite the ground work he did for the saffron party, added on to the other reasons for Roy to return back to his former party.

Mukul’s entry is TMC’s part of the 2024 strategy

Abhishek Banerjee, TMC’s Diamond Harbour MP, and nephew of TMC chief has been elevated to the party’s national general secretary position. Soon after the elevation, TMC MP had announced that his responsibility will be to take TMC nationally. Two days prior to his appointment, Abhishek had visited Krishna Roy, wife of Mukul Roy, at a hospital, where she is undergoing Covid treatment. Speculation of Mukul Roy’s home coming began doing the rounds since then, but the fact that it would happen so fast, nobody had assumed. 

However, with Roy, who has been a political strategist for TMC in the past, being granted re-entry, it is apparent that TMC has its plant for 2024 general elections ready.

Big loss of face for BJP

Significantly, BJP which was in a rejoicing mood after having inducted Congress leader Jitin Prasada, suffered a major setback within a day, with its National vice-president leaving the party. Political observers believe that at least for Bengal, it is just the beginning, and more than 20 MLA as well as 5-7 BJP MPs can join TMC within a month or so.

The importance of Roy’s Ghar Wapasi can be estimated from the fact that both Abhishek and Mamata Banerjee were resent during his induction at Trinamool Bhavan and later TMC supremo had also conducted a press conference to announce the news.

This development has a national significance too, says political analyst Rasheed Kidwai while talking to eNewsroom. He said, “Defections are bad for parliamentary democracy. The gain and loss in real terms is a poor reflection of the political character of the party. For instance, it can be argued that Mukul Roy’s return to the TMC is a bigger blow to the BJP than Jitin Prasada’s induction.”

“Our work time often goes beyond 14 hours”

Bhopal: In March 2020, Dr Shriya Mungi was contemplating how she would desire to complete her medical training until next year.

And yet, at one of the biggest and overburdened government hospital in Madhya Pradesh’s state capital, she is the doctor who knows the Covid-19 patients who have higher respiratory symptoms, requires greater dependence on oxygen therapy. She has a deeper understanding of the use of experimental drugs with official approval on the patients who become critical.

But she never had thought that her internship was going to be like this.

After 4 and a half years of being a student, I was excited to be a doctor and help people. I always looked up to my family members who were in healthcare as role models and seeing them sacrifice most of their time for their jobs was something I aspired to,” she said by adding “But my internship started with the first wave of coronavirus hitting India hard. My first day was on 30th March 2020 and I remember being forced to join the medical college at home because I was stuck in my hometown.”

The next day Shriya was to assist the government in contact tracing and sampling. She became a part of the Government Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal. 

Time spent with other government officials, police personnel in small by-lanes and thickly populated areas helped her to understand the mystic diversity of the city and enlightened her with government functioning.

“For the first time in my life I went to people’s houses to ask them questions, and it felt very invasive. I also realised that my city had a lot more diversity than I knew. The streets were completely deserted,” she said.

On the other side, several other things made her happy.

I was pleasantly surprised by the hospitality we were shown by others, who offered water and snacks, showed precise directions and lifts to find an address, she said by adding that “I was able to see the living conditions of many people, especially those at both extremes of society and it humbled me. I don’t think I would have been able to learn this aspect of society otherwise”.

However, during the pandemic time that system had long broken down, and even the interns have to sometimes act like on-duty doctors in the emergency room considered to be one of the most critical in the hospital.

“I think, most of us had devoted the first few months of our internships in the emergency and Covid special wards. That was the time when there was a shortage of PPE kits, masks and sanitizer liquids. But none of us made faces, raised voices. We all humbly accepted the challenge and performed our duties for hours and hours, days, weeks and months,” recalled Dr Astut Kurariya who worked as an intern at the Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur. 

A popular reading is that most of the people in the State know that there aren’t enough beds in hospitals, not enough oxygen or ventilators and medicines to treat patients who arrive at the hospital’s front gates alive.

Actually, interns and doctors can be seen in the emergency room, where conditions are even more cramped. Here, patients and relatives crowd every available space. Many a time trolleys are close enough for patients to touch each other.

“Like us, our juniors too are wholeheartedly performing their duty. Due to rising cases, our work time often goes beyond 12 to 14 hours,” Dr Shankul Dwivedi, National Joint Secretary of Indian Medical Association Junior Doctors Network and national spokesperson of Federation of All India Medical Association said.

And under such circumstances and during pandemic times, the contribution of interns and junior doctor’s towards each one of us is beyond imagination.

However, Dr Sankul is quick to remind Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister’s unfulfilled promise which he has made last year when corona began to hit hard in the State.

“Doctors those who are treating COVID-19 patients, an amount of Rs 10 thousand will be given to them,” Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan has announced in April 2020. 

In the current scenario, nearly 3,500 junior doctors working in six government medical colleges in Madhya Pradesh have resigned demanding an increase in the stipend and better medical facilities for their families amid Covid.

The doctors resigned after the Madhya Pradesh High Court on Thursday directed doctors to end their four-day strike, calling it “illegal”. Some of the other major demands include beds for junior doctors serving Covid patients be reserved for admission in health facility centre in case they are affected by coronavirus, 24 per cent hike in stipend and another 6 per cent annual hike in stipend and better medical facilities for their families amid Covid. 

Madhya Pradesh State Medical Education Minister Vishvas Sarang has said the government would accept their demands, but no written order has been issued.

With rising black fungus cases in Bengal, doctors call for early detection to avoid fatalities

Kolkata: Because of the increasing number of mucormycosis cases, commonly known as black fungus in West Bengal, doctors are already sounding alarm bells. Till June 4, the state had almost confirmed 30 cases, and the number of fatalities reported was 5, according to a health bulletin by the state government.

 

The rare fungal infection, which has always been there in India, has seen an exponential rise in the last couple of months. What has complicated matters for the doctors, treating these patients is that there has been a shortage of the amphotericin-B drug, which is used to treat such cases. With many of the states like Karnataka and Rajasthan already declaring it an epidemic, there are enough signs of worry for the doctors and coronavirus patients, either undergoing treatment or cured as the incubation period of the fungus is from 18-21 days of the first showing of Covid-19 symptoms.

 

India recorded 11,717 cases of mucormycosis till Wednesday.

 

Explaining the phenomenon, ENT specialist at Medica Superspecialty Hospital, Dr Shaswati Sengupta Dutta says, mucor, which causes the disease, is present in the environment. India, right now, is witnessing a spurt in rhino-cerebro-orbital mucormycosis, where the nose, nasal sinus (in some cases), orbit and brain are affected. Other forms of mucormycosis are pulmonary and gastro-intestinal and the cases are seen in immune-compromised people.

 

India being the diabetic capital of the world, it is more alarming as the disease has affected most people who do not have proper control of their blood sugar levels.

Aiding the spurt in black fungus cases is the rise in Covid-19 cases, which requires the administration of steroids for critical patients. Dr Shaswati Sengupta Dutta says people who have undiagnosed diabetes have become susceptible to black fungus. “Use of steroids and some other types of antibiotics along with uncontrolled diabetes have aided the spread of mucormycosis. We know that Covid-19 causes immune suppression, making patients susceptible to the fungus.  

 

Cheek pain, pain or numbness in the tooth, nasal blockade, watering from nose and eyes, foul-smelling nasal discharge, blackening or redness of the skin can all be symptoms of black fungus and doctors feel early detection is important or else it can prove fatal.

 

“At Medica, we have already formulated one of our protocols regarding early detection of black fungus. For hospital patients, we are monitoring them from the very beginning of their treatment, especially for diabetic patients, who are on steroids or in ventilation for long or on oxygen therapy. We are looking out for clinical symptoms as well as doing radiological investigations. We are also asking patients, discharged from our hospital and getting home care, to come back to us for diagnostic tests for early detection,” said Dr Sengupta Dutta.

 

Dr Debraj Jash, a pulmonologist at Apollo Hospitals, says that mucormycosis is an “opportunistic infection” which prefers humidified atmosphere and has come in limelight during the second wave as many clusters are reporting such cases, unlike the first wave.

 

“We always knew that people with diabetes are prone to it. The use of steroids, sometimes indiscriminate, on Covid patients is a primary reason for the sudden spurt. Also, in the second wave, the number of affected people is much higher, resulting in the shortage of medicine. Sharing of same steam pot can also lead to such cases,” warns Dr Jash.

 

The doctor also blames the overuse of zinc tablets amongst people as a contributing factor. “This fungus likes zinc and these days people are popping zinc tablets indiscriminately. We are presently treating five such patients at Apollo. Medicine can cure black fungus, but in severe cases, we need to operate to save the patient,” said Dr Jash.

 

Dr Dhrubo Roy, a senior ENT consultant at AMRI Hospitals, says it is very important to maintain hygiene and take precautions if a positive patient is on long oxygen support or using an oxygen concentrator to treat himself at home. He gives a demonstration of how a dehumidifier should be cleaned and how the water used in it can be sterilized.

 

“The fungus is mostly found in polluted places, where there is less or no air circulation, stagnant water or stale food. In the case of a dehumidifier, the water can also be the medium if it is not cleaned properly or regularly. The water used should be distilled water and the equipment has to be cleaned with water mixed with betadine. One should not use industrial oxygen for therapy at home,” cautions the ENT consultant.

 

“The symptoms of black fungus are usually seen within 18-21 days of one showing Covid-19 symptoms. So, we can say that up to three weeks from the first manifestation of Covid-19 symptoms, a cured patient is vulnerable,” said Dr Roy.

 

If the black fungus was causing tension in Covid-recovered patients, the first case of while fungus was reported in New Delhi hospital on May 27.

Many unanswered questions in custodial death of a tribal in Garhwa district

Ranchi: Family of tribal, Pala Manjhi (45) in Garhwa district, Jharkhand have accused the police of beating Manjhi to death.

According to the family, Bhandaria police took Manjhi in custody on 30 May. The same day, Manjhi’s dead body was handed over to the family.

Police took the middle-aged man from his house on Sunday morning. He had returned from the forest with firewood around 7 am. After breakfast, he was sitting on the ‘chabutra’ outside his house.

“A chowkidar named Joginder came with other police personnel on a motorbike. He asked Pala Manjhi to come to Bhandaria Police station for inquiry. Bhandaria station is around three kilometers away,” informed Ramnandan Manjhi (Pala Manjhi’s brother). Ramnandan inquired the chowkidar in which case were they taking his brother? To which Joginder replied “Whatever it is, we will talk about it at the police station”, Ramnandan told eNewsroom.

He claimed that his brother Manjhi never had any criminal record. It was for the first time that the police had came to their house. On Sunday morning police took Pala Manjhi for inquiry and after one and half hours, his dead body returned, according to the family. The police claimed that the death was due to an epileptic (mirgi) attack, however, the family has denied of the victim having any such health condition.

Countering the police claim of epilepsy, Ramnandan mentioned that his brother was in good health with no disease or ailments. If he was ill he would not have been able to carry woods from the forest.

“Around 8 am they took Pala (Manjhi) on a bike with them to Bhandaria station. After one and half hours I received a call from the police to reach the station immediately. Upon reaching I could not find the constable there. Before I had reached there they had already taken him to hospital in a van,” Ramnandan said.

He further added, “After a while, the chowkidar came on his motorbike and took me to Samudayik Swastha Kendra. There I found my brother lying unconscious. At the community health centre doctor said that he had given Pala an injection for mirgi and he would be sleeping for six hours. The doctor also said that Pala would be fine and told us to take him home. “I think he was already dead there,” pointed out Ramnandan. Their police took him from the hospital around 11 am and put him outside his home on the same chabutra. “If the doctor had referred us we would have taken him somewhere else. But he asked us to take him home,” rued the brother.

Koshila Devi (20), daughter-in-law of Pala said, “My father-in-law had no health ailments. He was perfectly fine before the police took him. They killed him and said he was already sick. They are saying he had mirgi but since I got married, I never witnessed anything as such. When the police brought the body here I saw the dark patches on his stomach. When I saw those marks I started crying. There were marks on his buttock as well. After such beating how could he survive?” laments Koshila.

Manjhi is survived by his four children – two sons and two daughters, who are now orphaned after his death, as his wife had died 10 years ago. The family depends on daily wages. However, in lockdown, they have been struggling to find work. Koshila says that there is no work to do now. Sometimes I collect and sell mahua to get some ration. But its season has also ended. When we get some money we eat, otherwise there is no other option but to sleep hungry.

Koshila asks, “There are two young and unmarried children of Pala Manjhi who will take care of them now? Will I look after my children or them?.”

She recalls the fateful day, “They brought the dead body and lied to us saying he will sleep for six hours”. Koshila added. “Why did they (police) do this? Now there is no one to look after us. I have never seen such brutality.”

After a few hours when Pala Manjhi did not wake up the relatives called the Bhandaria Police demanding answers. Thereafter Police arrived and took the body for postmortem to Sadar Hospital Garhwa. Postmortem was done on the second day, 31 May around 2 pm. Pala Manjhi’s last rites were performed on 31 May at 8 pm by his relatives.

The family also alleges that Bhandaria SI Shravan Kumar forcibly made them sign a blank paper.

“We were scared we did not question anything. We had already lost our brother. We simply did what we were asked to do. We were four people there, Tulsidas Manjhi, Jageshwar Manjhi son of Pala Manjhi, Devnarayan Manjhi and myself”, Ramnandan said.

Policemen of Bhandaria station refused to comment on the issue. Numerous calls to SP Garhwa, Shreekant Khotre went unanswered.

Speaking to eNewsroom, Deputy Commissioner of Garhwah Rajesh Kumar Pathak said “The magistrate inquiry on the matter has begun headed by SDO Rajesh Kumar Linda. SDO has already met the family and inquired about the incident. Now we are waiting for the report.”

The relatives demand justice. “And we also want compensation for the family as well as job for one of his children,” added Ramnandan. 

However, in the recent past there have been several custodial death cases in Jharkhand, especially with Muslims, tribal and dalits and families have not got justice.

महाराष्ट्र: साप्ताहिक बाजारों पर पाबंदी से इस सीजन काजू की खरीद बंद, आफत में किसान

सिंधुदुर्ग/सांगली: कोरोना संक्रमण को नियंत्रित करने के उद्देश्य से महाराष्ट्र सरकार द्वारा लगने वाले साप्ताहिक बाजार बंद करने के बाद काजू के लिए प्रसिद्ध कोंकण के काजू उत्पादक किसान इन दिनों मुश्किलों का सामना कर रहे हैं। वजह है कि यही समय होता है जब काजू के बीजों की बिक्री और खरीदी की जाती है। वहीं, इस बार बेमौसम बरसात, ओले और बादलों की नमी के कारण काजू की फसल की पैदावार और गुणवत्ता भी प्रभावित हुई है। इसलिए कोरोना-काल में बाजार की गतिविधियों पर लगाई गई रोक के कारण यहां के काजू उत्पादक किसान आर्थिक समस्याओं का सामना कर रहे हैं।

सिंधुदुर्ग जिले के एक काजू उत्पादक किसान सुशांत नाइक बताते हैं कि उनके जिले में साप्ताहिक बाजार बंद होने की स्थिति का फायदा उठाते हुए क्षेत्र में कई दलाल सक्रिय हो गए हैं, जो किसानों से महज 50 से 60 रुपए किलोग्राम के हिसाब से काजू के बीज खरीद रहे हैं। यह दर सामान्य तौर पर निर्धारित दर से करीब आधी है। सुशांत कहते हैं, “किसानों को चाहिए कि काजू के बीजों को सुखाकर स्टोर कर लें और किसी भी हालत में दलालों को सस्ती दर पर अपना कच्चा माल न बेचें। किसान ही यदि ऐसा करेंगे तो काजू के बीजों के रेट अपनेआप बहुत नीचे चले जाएंगे। सरकार को भी चाहिए कि दलालों के खिलाफ सख्त कार्रवाई करें, क्योंकि दलाल मौके का फायदा उठाकर किसानों का शोषण कर रहे हैं।”

बता दें कि अकेले सिंधुदुर्ग जिले में करीब 50 हजार हेक्टेयर क्षेत्र में काजू का उत्पादन किया जाता है। काजू के उत्पादन के मामले में सिंधुदुर्ग का वैभववाडी क्षेत्र प्रसिद्ध है। सिर्फ इसी क्षेत्र से हर साल 15 सौ करोड़ रुपए के काजू का कारोबार किया जाता है। सामान्यत: हर साल फरवरी से काजू की फसल का मौसम शुरू होता है। इनमें से ज्यादातर काजू उत्पादक किसान अपने बगीचे से जिले में लगने वाले साप्ताहिक बाजारों में अपनी उपज लाकर बेचते हैं। काजू की फसल का मौसम शुरू होने के साथ ही दूर-दूर से काजू के बड़े व्यापारी सिंधुदुर्ग जिले के साप्ताहिक बाजारों में घूम-घूमकर काजू की बड़े पैमाने पर खरीदी करते हैं। लेकिन, इस बार फिर कोरोना की दूसरी लहर के कारण काजू उत्पादक किसान और व्यापारी साप्ताहिक बाजार बंद होने के कारण काजू की खरीदी और बिक्री नहीं कर पा रहे हैं। इससे इस साल फिर उन्हें काफी नुकसान उठाना पड़ रहा है। पिछले कुछ दिनों से सिंधुदुर्ग सहित आसपास के राज्य के सभी जिलों में कोरोना संक्रमण का प्रसार बहुत तेजी से हुआ है। स्थिति यह है कि सिंधुदुर्ग में अब तक ग्यारह हजार से अधिक व्यक्ति कोरोना संक्रमण से पीड़ित हो गए हैं जिनमें ढाई सौ अधिक मरीजों की मृत्यु हो चुकी है।

एक काजू प्रसंस्करण यूनिट के मालिक धनश्री सावंत बातचीत करने पर कोरोना रोकने के लिए लगाई गई पाबंदी के कारण फिलहाल शादी और अन्य पार्टियां बंद हो गई हैं। इस महामारी से डरकर लोग घर पर ही हैं और यात्राएं भी लगभग पूरी तरह से बंद हैं। लिहाजा रेस्टोरेंट और पर्यटन क्षेत्र के जरिए भी होने वाली काजू की मांग नहीं हो रही है। वह कहते हैं, ” एक बार कोरोना के दौरान लगाई पाबंदियां हटें और लोगों की दिनचर्या सामान्य हो तो काजू के दाम निर्धारित किए जाने में सहूलियत होगी। ज्यादातर कारखाने वाले और व्यापारी स्थिति सामान्य होने की राह देख रहे हैं, क्योंकि स्थानीय स्तर पर उन्होंने किसानों से काजू के बीज खरीद भी लिए तो उनका पैसा जाम हो जाएगा।”

बता दें कि महाराष्ट्र में कोरोना मरीजों की संख्या में बेहताशा वृद्धि को देखते हुए राज्य की उद्धव ठाकरे सरकार ने पिछली 22 अप्रैल से 15 जून तक सख्त पाबंदियां लगाई हुई हैं। इसके तहत पिछले कई दिनों से राज्य में संपूर्ण साप्ताहिक बाजार भी बंद किए गए हैं। अकेले सिंधुदुर्ग जिले में 20 से 25 स्थानों पर साप्ताहिक बाजार लगता है। इन साप्ताहिक बाजारों में बड़े पैमाने पर काजू की जो खरीदी-बिक्री चलती है वह फरवरी के पहले सप्ताह से लेकर मई के आखिरी सप्ताह तक रहती है। जाहिर है कि जिन दिनों में काजू की खरीद-बिक्री होती है ठीक उन्हीं दिनों में साप्ताहिक बाजार बंद होने से काजू का पूरा कारोबार भी प्रभावित हुआ है।

इसी तरह, पश्चिम महाराष्ट्र के सांगली और कोल्हापुर जिले के काजू उत्पादक किसान अपेक्षाकृत कहीं अधिक मुसीबत का सामना कर रहे हैं। इसके पीछे वजह यह है कि कोरोना महामारी के पहले इन दोनों जिलों में आई भयंकर बाढ़ के कारण किसानों को भारी नुकसान उठाना पड़ा था।

इस बारे में सांगली के तासगांव क्षेत्र में काजू उत्पादक किसान दिलीप डभोले बताते हैं, “सांगली के किसान जब बाढ़ की तबाही से उबरने लगे थे तब कोरोना का संकट हमारे सिर पर आ गया। सरकार को चाहिए कि विशेष पैकेज की घोषणा करें, क्योंकि प्राकृतिक आपदा के चलते सांगली और कोल्हापुर जिले में काजू उत्पादक किसानों को दो सौ करोड़ रुपए का घाटा सहना पड़ा था। यहां कई हजार हेक्टेयर काजू की फसल बाढ़ ने सड़ा दी थी।”

दूसरी तरफ, कई काजू उत्पादक किसानों ने इस संभावना के कारण अब तक फुटकर में काजू के बीज नहीं बेचे हैं कि बाद में जब बाजार खुलेगा तो उन्हें बाजार में काजू की बिक्री पर एकमुश्त अच्छे दाम मिलेंगे। यही वजह है कि काजू उत्पादक किसानों ने उपज के लिए जो लागत लगाई थी उसका पैसा अभी तक नहीं निकला है और इन किसानों को मुनाफे के लिए लंबा इंतजार करना पड़ रहा है। हालांकि, सिंधुदुर्ग जिले में इस समय यहां काजू की दर 105 से लेकर 115 रुपए प्रति किलोग्राम बनी हुई है। लेकिन, साप्ताहिक बाजार बंद होने से व्यापारियों द्वारा काजू के बीजों की खरीदी नहीं हो रही है, इसलिए किसानों को यह डर है कि काजू के बीजों के दाम नीचे जा सकते हैं।

हालांकि, पिछली बार भी काजू उत्पादक किसानों को उनकी उपज के अपेक्षित दाम नहीं मिल सके थे। इसका कारण यह था कि पिछले वर्ष मार्च में भी कोरोना संक्रमण को नियंत्रित करने के लिए केंद्र की नरेन्द्र मोदी सरकार ने पूरे देश में सख्त लॉकडाउन लगाने की घोषणा की थी। केंद्र की इस घोषणा के बाद सिंधुदुर्ग सहित राज्य के भी सभी साप्ताहिक बाजार बंद कर दिए गए थे और तब काजू व्यापारियों ने काजू के दाम 130 रुपए प्रति किलोग्राम से घटाकर 70 से 80 रुपए प्रति किलोग्राम तक कर दिए थे। लिहाजा यहां के काजू उत्पादक किसान यह सोचकर निराशा और दुख में डूबे हुए हैं कि पिछले वर्ष की तरह कहीं इस वर्ष भी उन्हें भारी नुकसान उठाना पड़ जाए।

काजू उत्पादक किसानों पर संकट को लेकर सिंधुदुर्ग जिले में खांबाले गांव के किसान मंगेश गुरव बताते हैं कि मौसम की मार भी अब स्थायी-सी हो गई है और पिछले कई वर्षों से लगातार अनियमित बारिश और प्रतिकूल तापमान के कारण काजू की उत्पादकता के साथ उसकी गुणवत्ता में भी गिरावट आ रही है। इसके अलावा लगातार दूसरे साल भी कोरोना महामारी के कारण सरकार द्वारा लगाए जाने वाले लॉकडाउन और सख्त पाबंदियों की वजह से काजू की मंडियां भी प्रभावित हो रही हैं।

इस बारे में मंगेश अपने अनुभव साझा करते हुए कहते हैं, “मेरे दो एकड़ के बगीचे में काजू के कई झाड़ हैं। पहले काजू के झाड़ों से 800 से 1,000 किलोग्राम तक काजू की पैदावार होती थी। लेकिन, अब यह घट गई है और इस वर्ष सीजन के आखिरी दिनों तक अंदाजा यह है कि करीब 400 से 800 किलोग्राम तक काजू पैदा होंगे। कारण यह है कि कुछ दिन पहले ही यहां ओले पड़ने से काजू की फसल को बहुत ज्यादा नुकसान हुआ है। फिर भी मुझे लगता है कि आधे से ज्यादा काजू तो झाड़ों में होंगे हीं। लेकिन, हमारी समस्या यही खत्म नहीं हो जाती है, क्योंकि किसी तरह जब काजू को बेचने की बारी आई है तो साप्ताहिक बाजार बंद होने से हमें हमसे अच्छी और थोक कीमत में उपज खरीदने के लिए बड़े व्यापारी नहीं मिल रहे हैं।”

मंगेश इस स्थिति से बेहद हताशा में कहते हैं, “सीजन में यदि बाजार खुले ही नहीं तो बड़ी मुश्किल हो जाएगी, क्योंकि कई किसानों को तुरंत नकद की जरूरत पड़ रही है और उन्हें अपनी लागत भी निकालनी है। सारे किसान काजू की उपज को लंबे समय तक घर पर नहीं रख सकते हैं, इसलिए आप यह कह सकते हैं कि हम पर दोहरी मार पड़ी है। सरकार काजू उत्पादक किसानों की उपज खरीदने के लिए कोई व्यवस्था बनाए तो ही हम लोग संकट से उभर सकेंगे।”

सिंधुदुर्ग में किसान व फल उत्पादक संघ के अध्यक्ष विलास सांवत बताते हैं कि महाराष्ट्र में एक लाख 91 हजार हेक्टेयर पर काजू की खेती की जाती है। काजू की सबसे अधिक खेती सिंधुदुर्ग, रत्नागिरी, रायगड, पालघर, कोल्हापुर और सांगली जिलों में होती है। राज्य में हर साल सामान्यत: दो लाख सत्तर हजार टन का काजू उत्पादित किया जाता है। कोंकण और पश्चिम महाराष्ट्र का काजू अपने विशिष्ट स्वाद और आकार के कारण दुनिया भर में प्रसिद्ध है। लेकिन, पिछले सालों में काजू की फसल की दर लगातार घट रही है। कुछ साल पहले काजू उत्पादक किसानों ने व्यापारियों को अपना कच्चा माल दौ सौ रुपए प्रति किलोग्राम की दर से बेच रहे थे, लेकिन अब यही किसान पिछले साल महज 70 रुपए प्रति किलोग्राम की दर पर व्यापारियों को काजू के बीज बेचने के लिए मजबूर हुए हैं।

विलास सांवत इसके पीछे के कारण स्पष्ट करते हुए बताते हैं, “सरकार काजू की न्यूतम राशि पर खरीदी की गारंटी नहीं देती है। सरकार को चाहिए कि 150 से 160 रुपए प्रति किलोग्राम की दर पर खरीद की न्यूनतम राशि निर्धारित कर दे। यदि महाराष्ट्र सरकार न्यूनतम राशि पर खरीद नहीं कर सकती है तो गोवा सरकार की तर्ज पर 25 रूपए प्रतिग्राम पर सब्सिडी दे।”