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एमएसपी पर सरकार के दावे और फसलों के लिए जैव-विविधता की दलील में कितना दम?

पिछली 9 फरवरी को वाणिज्य एवं उद्योग मंत्री पीयूष गोयल ने कहा कि देश में चल रही एमएसपी (न्यूनतम समर्थन मूल्य) प्रणाली पूरी तरह डब्ल्यूटीओ (वर्ल्ड ट्रेड ऑर्गनाइज़ेशन) के अनुरूप है. दरअसल, मंत्री से पूछा गया था कि क्या भारत में चल रही एमएसपी प्रणाली डब्ल्यूटीओ के अनुरूप है. कारण यह कि डब्ल्यूटीओ के कुछ सदस्य देशों ने आरोप लगाया है कि भारत की एमएसपी व्यवस्था बाजार को बिगाड़ने वाली है. ये सदस्य देश भारत सरकार के उस बयान के विरोध में हैं जिसमें सरकार ने आंदोलन कर रहे किसानों को आश्वासन दिया है कि एमएसपी था, है और रहेगा. केंद्र सरकार के इस दावे की पृष्ठभूमि में जाएं तो विश्व व्यापार के नियम के तहत डब्ल्यूटीओ सदस्य देश का खाद्य सब्सिडी बिल 1986-88 के संदर्भ मूल्य के आधार पर 10 प्रतिशत उत्पादन मूल्य से अधिक नहीं होना चाहिए. हालांकि, डब्ल्यूटीओ व्यवस्था के शांति उपबंध (पीस क्लॉज) में यह प्रावधान भी दिया गया है कि कोई विकासशील देश 10 प्रतिशत से अधिक सब्सिडी दे सकता है. लेकिन, यह व्यवस्था तब तक के लिए है जब तक खाद्य-भंडारण मामले का कोई स्थायी समाधान नहीं निकाल लिया जाता है. इस मामले में वाणिज्य सचिव अनूप वधावन का कहना है कि भारत की सब्सिडी डब्ल्यूटीओ सीमा के भीतर है.

वाणिज्य एवं उद्योग मंत्री की यह प्रतिक्रिया भारत में एमएसपी पर सरकार और किसानों के बीच चल रहे विवाद को भी समझने के लिए महत्त्वपूर्ण हो सकती है. दरअसल, केंद्र सरकार का दावा है कि वह किसानों को स्वामीनाथन आयोग के अनुसार निर्धारित एमएसपी दे रही है. वहीं, आंदोलन कर रहे किसान नेताओं का आरोप है कि इस मामले में सरकार सही नहीं है. एमएसपी का सच क्या है और एमएसपी पर सरकार बनाम किसानों के बीच चल रही इस लड़ाई में कौन कितना सही है? यह जानने के लिए पहले हमें सारांश में यह जानना आवश्यक होगा कि एमएसपी क्या है और इसे निर्धारित कैसे करते हैं?

वर्ष 1965 में गठित कृषि लागत व मूल्य आयोग कुल 23 फसलों की एमएसपी घोषित करने के लिए हर साल मूल्य नीति रिपोर्ट बनाती है. एमएसपी के पीछे उद्देश्य होता है कि किसानों को उनकी अपनी फसल पर खर्च की गई लागत से अधिक मूल्य मिले और वे बिचौलियों के शोषण से भी बचे रहें. साथ ही यह माना जाता है कि इससे बाजार में अनाज के मूल्यों में स्थिरता आती है. किसी फसल की एमएसपी निर्धारित करने के लिए सबसे पहले हर राज्य से उसकी औसत लागत निकाली जाती है. इसके बाद अलग-अलग फार्मूले के हिसाब से इसका अलग-अलग निर्धारण किया जा सकता है और फिर सरकार निर्धारित एमएसपी के अनुसार किसानों से उनकी फसल खरीदती है. दरअसल, किसी फसल की एमएसपी को निर्धारित करने के लिए सरकार द्वारा इस्तेमाल में लाए जाने वाले इन्हीं फार्मूलों को लेकर केंद्र और किसान नेता आमने-सामने हैं. सरकार अभी ए2+एफएल फार्मूले से फसलों की एमएसपी निर्धारित कर रही है. इसमें उत्पादन के लिए किसानों द्वारा किए गए सभी तरह के नकदी खर्च जैसे बीज, खाद, ईंधन और सिंचाई आदि की लागत जोड़ी जाती है. साथ ही इसमें पारिवारिक मेहनताना भी शामिल होता है. दूसरी ओर, किसान नेताओं का कहना है कि सरकार उन्हें जो एमएसपी दे रही है वह स्वामीनाथन आयोग के सी2 फार्मूले के हिसाब से नहीं है. इसलिए उन्हें एमएसपी में खेत की जमीन का किराया और कुल कृषि पूंजी पर लगने वाला ब्याज नहीं मिल पा रहा है. एमएसपी के अनुचित निर्धारण के अलावा सीमित किसानों को ही इसका लाभ मिल पाना और संग्रहण से लेकर खरीद तक की सार्वजनिक प्रणाली तथा उत्पादों की समय पर खरीद से जुड़े कई प्रश्न हैं जिन्हें आधार बनाकर किसान नेता सरकार से न्यूनतम समर्थन मूल्य मांग रहे हैं. इनके अलावा एमएसपी को लेकर चल रही इस बहस से कुछ बड़े प्रश्न भी निकले हैं.

इनमें से एक महत्त्वपूर्ण प्रश्न यह है कि जैव-विविधता के लिए गेंहू-धान उत्पादकों को हतोत्साहित करना कितना सही? दरअसल, 23 फसलों की सूची में सरकार एमएसपी पर मुख्यत: गेंहू और धान की खरीदी करती है. इससे गेंहू और धान उत्पादक किसानों को बहुत अधिक प्रोत्साहन मिलता रहा है. आज स्थिति यह है कि देश में गेंहू और धान की पैदावार सरप्लस है. कई जानकार फसलों की जैव-विविधता, खाद्य-संग्रहण और उसके वित्तीय प्रबंधन की दृष्टिकोण से इस स्थिति की आलोचना भी करते हैं. लेकिन, आखिरी बात यही कि फसलों की जैव-विविधता के लिए गेंहू और धान के उत्पादन को घटाने की दलील किस सीमा तक सही है?

इस बारे में कृषि विशेषज्ञ प्रोफेसर एमएस राठौर कुछ कारणों से गेंहू और धान के सरप्लस पैदावार को ठीक नहीं मानते हैं. वे कहते हैं कि साठ के दशक में जब एमएसपी लागू नहीं हुई थी तब भुखमरी का दौर था और इसलिए बड़े पैमाने पर गेंहू और धान के उत्पादन की दरकार थी. इस बारे में वे बताते हैं, “कुछ उत्पाद होते हैं जिनकी मांग हमेशा बनी रहती है, जैसे नमक. नमक का कितना भी मूल्य बढ़े, पर लोग एक निश्चित मात्रा में इसे खरीदेंगे ही. इसी आधार पर साठ के दशक में एक अध्ययन किया गया था जिसमें पता चला कि भारत में कुछ अन्य उत्पादों के अनुकूल सप्लाई रिस्पॉन्स है. इसका मतलब यह होता है कि यदि किसी उत्पाद की मांग बढ़े तो किसान उस उत्पाद के हिसाब से उसका क्षेत्र बढ़ा लेगा. इसके तहत तब गेंहू और धान की फसलों को प्रोत्साहित किया गया और उनके लिए एमएसपी निर्धारित किया गया. उस समय अकाल की स्थितियां भी थीं तो किसानों को रिस्क फैक्टर से उभारने के लिए भी ऐसा किया गया. उसके बाद सिंचाई के साधन विकसित हुए और परिणाम यह हुआ कि गेंहू और धान के मामले में हम आत्मनिर्भर हो गए. आज यह हालत है कि कई करोड़ टन अनाज का भंडारण हमारे पास है.”

इस स्थिति के आधार पर प्रोफेसर एमएस राठौर जैसे जानकारों का एक पक्ष यह मानता है कि जब देश में गेंहू और धान का भरपूर भंडार है तो सरकारी खरीद के लिए एमएसपी का एक बड़ा बजट महज इन दो फसलों पर क्यों खर्च करना. इसकी बजाय बाजरा जैसी फसलों पर अधिक से अधिक एमएसपी दी जानी चाहिए. इससे फसलों की जैव-विविधता में बढ़ोतरी होगी.

वहीं, भारतीय कृषि से जुड़ी नीतियों को अच्छी तरह से समझने वाले कई किसान नेता इससे भिन्न मत रखते हैं. अखिल भारतीय किसान सभा के नेता अशोक धवले बताते हैं कि फसलों की जैव-विविधता की आड़ में एक खतरनाक दलील वैश्विक स्तर की कॉर्पोरेट लॉबी के समर्थन में दी जा रही है. अशोक धवले कहते हैं, “गेंहू और धान के बदले कुछ दूसरी फसलें उगाओ, यही तो कई साल से अमेरिका भी कह रहा है कि जो फसल उसे चाहिए वह भारत जैसी अर्थव्यवस्था के देश उगाएं और उसे बेचें. बदले में गेंहू और धान वह भारत को बेच देगा. इन दो फसलों के मामले में ही तो हम आत्मनिर्भर हैं और जिसके आयात पर हमें खर्च नहीं करना पड़ता. यदि इसे ही गंवा दिया तो हमें कनाडा, अमेरिका और आस्ट्रेलिया जैसे देशों पर निर्भर रहना पड़ेगा. फिर मोदी जी के आत्मनिर्भर भारत का क्या होगा!”

इस मामले में एक अन्य किसान नेता बादल सरोज के मुताबिक अमेरिका के नियंत्रण में काम करने वाला डब्ल्यूटीओ भी यही चाहता है कि सभी तीसरी दुनिया के देशों पर दबाव डालकर वह एमएसपी रद्द कराए, सरकारी खरीद रद्द कराए, सार्वजनिक राशन व्यवस्था रद्द कराए और कृषि लागत पर दी जाने वाली सब्सिडी भी रद्द कराए. वे बताते हैं, “जिन अमीर देशों के पास पैसा है, उनके पास कई फसलों को उगाने के लिए मौसम और मिट्टी नहीं है. इसलिए वे जिन चीजों को पैदा नहीं कर पा रहे हैं उन्हें भारत जैसे दूसरे देशों में उगाना चाहते हैं, जैसे कुछ साल पहले मध्य-प्रदेश के चंबल के उपजाऊ क्षेत्र में बॉयोडीजल बनाने वाली फसल जैट्रोफा को बढ़ावा दिया गया था.”

इस मुद्दे पर जवाहरलाल नेहरू विश्वविद्यालय, नई-दिल्ली में अर्थशास्त्र के प्रोफेसर विकास रावल मानते हैं कि यदि आप दूसरी फसलों को बढ़ावा देना चाहते हैं तो उसके लिए सबसे पहले खरीद की एक व्यवस्था बनानी पड़ेगी. यदि आप चाहते हैं कि पंजाब और हरियाणा के किसान गेंहू के अलावा कुछ अन्य फसल उगाएं तो केवल अच्छा एमएसपी घोषित करना भर काफी नहीं है. उस फसल की अधिक मात्रा में खरीद करनी भी आवश्यक है. यह ऐसे संभव है कि सरकार खाद्य सुरक्षा अधिनियम के तहत कई परिवारों को दो किलो दाल देना शुरू कर दे. ऐसा हुआ तो पंजाब का किसान दाल भी उगाएगा. यदि हम दाल के मामले में भी आत्मनिर्भर हो गए तो दाल की आयात पर होने वाला कई करोड़ रुपए का खर्च बचेगा और एक बड़ी आबादी को प्रोटीन भी मिलेगा.

‘I will be dead before working for Roman’: 14 Female Employees Share Harrowing Stories of Sexual Abuse and Misogyny at the Middle East Forum

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As a woman, Lisa Barbounis felt so threatened that day while sharing a living space with her boss, Gregg Roman, in a foreign country that she could not wait to leave and fly home. She felt so intimidated by his inappropriate sexual advances that she thought of keeping a knife with her in the room to protect herself.

It was not her choice to stay with her employer in the same space but a precondition set by him to obtain the opportunity of a work trip to Israel, a country she always wanted to visit.

This was one of the most excruciating details of the trauma that Barbounis, the former Director of Communication at Middle East Forum (MEF), recorded in her court submission while suing her former employers for sexual assault, sexual harassment, gender discrimination and hostile work environment.

In the lawsuit filed in December 2019 against MEF, a so-called Philadelphia-based think-tank known for spreading Islamophobia and misinformation, Barbounis flagged that at least 14 women including the Head of Human Resources faced sexual harassment and gender discrimination between 2016  to 2018 by Roman, the Director and Secretary of the organization.

Out of all, four women have filed criminal cases against MEF, founder-president Daniel Pipes,  second in command Gregg Roman and program director Matthew Bennett for sexual assault, harassment, and gender discrimination. Pipes is accused of shielding the accused.

In April 2018, Barbounis travelled to Israel with Roman on the condition that they will be sharing a hotel suite, having two rooms and two bathrooms. On arrival, however, she found out that there was only one bathroom in the suite. Before signing up Barbounis for the work trip, Roman told her not to tell anyone that she would be accompanying him to Israel.

In her suit, Barbounis alleged the arrangement as a lure by Roman — using his influence, superiority, and proxy authority — with an intent to engage in sexual activity.

Tragic Stories of Sexual Assault and Misogny

Like Barbounis, Patricia McNulty, who worked as the acting director of development, in her submission to the District Court of East Pennsylvania, alleged that she and other women were routinely subjected to sexual assault, mental and physical harassment, and gender discrimination at the Middle East Forum.

In March 2018, during the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) conference in Washington DC, McNulty alleged that Roman had violently yanked her and forced her onto his lap.

After the conference, Roman, who shared a living space with MEF program director Bennett, invited three women staffers, McNulty, Barbounis, and the then Director of Human Resources, Mernie Meyer, to their place of stay. There Roman sat between McNulty and Barbnounis on the couch, and while pulling McNulty towards him, Roman allegedly whispered inappropriate sexual advances into her ear.

He first tried to yank Barbounis, but he failed to grab her as she was at a safe distance, and then he allegedly grabbed McNulty by her upper thigh and violently yanked her into his lap.

Both the women joined MEF around October 2017 after a few female employees were terminated or forced to voluntarily leave the organisation after raising the issue of sexual harassment at the office.

About a year before Barbounis and McNulty had joined MEF, another employee named Rosie allegedly refused to work with Roman at close proximity due to severe and pervasive harassment and a hostile work environment created by the MEF director against female workers at the organisation.

Before leaving the organisation, Rosie reportedly said, “I will be dead before working for Roman.”

Both Barbounis and McNulty joined MEF following two former employees: Laura Frank and Lara were terminated from their positions in a controversial move by Roman after he accessed their chats on an instant messaging platform.

While Laura and Lara discussed their legal options of reporting Roman for sexually harassing them, the director broke into their digital systems and found out that the women intended to report him. In retaliation, they were terminated by the organisation.

Not just full-time employees, Roman purportedly sexually exploited young interns at MEF. During his Israel trip, Roman had called an 18-year-old French intern, Leah Merville to his hotel to complete the paperwork that the intern needed to complete her internship. He is accused of forcing the intern to give a blowjob and have sexual intercourse with him. According to the lawsuit, Roman later bragged about the incident to other female employees at the organisation saying that “her body was so tight” and “she gives a great blowjob”.

In a similar case, another intern Gabriella Bloom left MEF voluntarily and had stated that she called the quits to avoid, what she characterized as future, inappropriate sexual advances of Roman.

“ The intern voluntarily left the MEF and has stated that she left to avoid what she characterized as future, inappropriate sexual advances visited upon her by Defendant, Greg Roman. She said she could see it coming,” according to the court filings.

Roman did not even spare the head of HR at MEF. Marnie Meyer, whose official name is Marnie O’Brien, was subjected to constant misogyny and harassment. Roman would frequently make lewd and bigoted remarks. “Non-Jewish women were made for sex,” he told her one time, while on the other instance, he said, “I like older women.” He boasted of how he had sex with other female employees.

According to the court depositions, Meyer was the first woman whom Roman approached to travel with him to Israel for the work trip on the condition of sharing the living space. But she rejected his proposition “due to obvious implication of the inappropriate condition” She claimed in her lawsuit that Roman frequently and repeatedly harassed and hounded female staff that did not comply with his demands for sex.

In another lawsuit against MEF, Caitriona Brady, an intern who joined MEF in 2017 and later elevated to the position of development associate, accused Roman of subjecting her to gender discrimination, sexual harassment, hostile work environment and retaliation that led to her “unlawful termination” at MEF.

While recounting her distressing experience at MEF Brady said that Roman would even count the number of times she went to the restroom.

“”Roman used his position as Director of MEF to make Brady’s life more difficult and forced her to work long hours by yelling at her in a violent and aggressive manner,” her complaint notes.

Apart from sexually abusing MEF female staff, Roman has sexually harassed and pressured female reporters into trading sex for news stories.

The court documents show that he tried to trade sex for story as well. The plaintiffs accused Roman of showing his sexual organ to a Washington Examiner reporter whom he had met in a bar in Washington. He lured the woman reporter outside the bar and exposed his private organ, and asked her to visit him in his hotel room within the next hour. He intimidated and coerced the reporter by saying that he would give the story to rival Washington Post. However, the female reporter rejected the quid pro quo arrangement and left the place.

Such hostility was not just limited to female employees, but also towards people from the LGBTQ community.When MEF founder Pipes and Roman found out that Eman Patel, one of their employees was a gay woman, they made a plan to  harass  and make her work life so intolerable that she quit the organisation on her own. They would also pass lewd remarks at her because of her gender and call her a “walking lawsuit”.   According to Southern Poverty Law Center, Roman is also a featured speaker on Tony Perkin’s anti-LGBTQ radio show.

The female employees at Middle East Forum not only faced sexual harassment and misogny but they were also subjected to gender pay discrimination.

As a director of development, McNulty held a similar position as Bennett and performed the same duties as that of Bennett as program director. However, their monetary compensation had a wide difference of $ 34,000 a year.

While Bennett was paid $ 98,000 a year, McNulty only received $ 64,900 per year. In her lawsuit, she alleged that the compensation didn’t commensurate with her position of program director, which she held at that time.

HR director Meyer also discovered that several women were underpaid throughout the organisation. Male employees across the board were paid $10,000 or higher than their female counterparts holding the same positions, the lawsuit reads. She herself was paid $ 10,000 less than her male counterparts at MEF.

Daniel Pipes: The shield for Sexual Predators

Despite the fact that women employees faced sexual harassment and mental trauma at MEF, its president, Pipes, used his position most of the time to shield the accused. Moreover, he went on to say that he would go by the words of Roman, putting the security of dozens of its female staff in grave danger.

On November 1, 2018, five women employees, including Human Resource Director Meyer, submitted a handwritten 5-page note to Pipes detailing the sexual harassment meted out to women employees by Roman. She provided the handwritten notes, fearing that Roman would access her computer and might get hold of the same.

Following that, Pipes finally decided to have a meeting, but to their surprise, Pipes shielded the accused who had been preying on the female workers of MEF.

Pipes responded to the reports of sexual harassment, sexual misconduct, and sexual assaults by saying, “Roman’s conduct was not a big deal.”

In fact, Pipes allegedly maintained a methodical conclusion—“Roman’s conduct and comments had not risen to the level where discipline was warranted”—as in the case of MEF’s director forcefully having sexual intercourse with an 18-year-old intern for signing her internship papers.

Pipes forced all female employees to sign a new non-disclosure agreement that prohibited them from talking to anyone about any wrongdoing by company officers, including Roman.

The women accused Pipes of rewarding the harasser while introducing policies, procedures, and protocols designed to punish those female employees who flagged the cases of abuse and sexual harassment at every opportunity.

In bizarre analogy, Pipes created a comparison between priests who molested children and continuing their jobs and reportedly said, “because priests who molest children were permitted by the Catholic Church to remain priests, Defendant, Greg Roman should be permitted to continue his employment at the MEF.”

However, following the massive push by the women sexual abuse survivors, Pipes was forced to restrict Roman from entering the MEF office in November 2018 when the #MeToo movement was at its peak. But, to their surprise, Pipes brought Roman back to the office in March 2019.

Once back in the office, Roman started to use his powers as Director and purportedly called the complainants “usurpers” and “backstabbers.” The work environment became so hostile that many female employees had to tender their resignation and leave the organisation.

The sexual abuse survivors hoped that Pipes could have protected them from a person whose behavior was that of a “sexual predator,” but during the whole duration, he maintained his conspicuous silence and allowed everything to happen in front of his eyes.

“Had Daniel Pipes acted in accordance with laws aimed at protecting women from sexual harassment in the workplace,” reads a lawsuit filed by one of the survivors.

“The prompt remedial measures would have been implemented to ameliorate and/or eliminate completely the future sexual harassment and sexual misconduct,” it added.

 

Views expressed here are the author’s own.

 

Why eight phase election in Bengal, ask Left and TMC

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Kolkata: After the announcement of longest ever polls dates in West Bengal by election commission of India, opposition Left parties including CPIM and CPIML as well as ruling TMC, all have expressed surprise and asked the reason to stretch it for two months.

The ECI has announced poll dates for five state assemblies on Friday. In Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Pudducherry polls could be wrapped up in a single day, in Assam it would be in three phases, but in Bengal it would take place in eight phases.

According to poll dates in Bengal, in some districts, polls will take place in single district, in three phases.

“These elections are going to be crucial. The overall objective today is to keep the BJP at bay, which is making all unscrupulous attempts in order to capture power in these States. In Bengal, the basic alternative that is emerging, on the strength of the people’s struggles in the past few months, braving the repression of TMC government, is the secular democratic alliance of the Left-Congress,” CPIM general secretary Sitaram Yechury said.

poll dates why 8 phase election in bengal election ask left tmc

While D Raja, CPI general secretary stated that the ECI should give convincing explanation. The ECI should have explained the apprehensions because of which they were extending the polls over eight phases in Bengal, he said.

Dipankar Bhattacharya, the general secretary of CPIML tweeted, “Five-day test match in Chennai becomes a two-day affair in Ahmedabad. One-day election in Tamil Nadu gets stretched over eight phases in West Bengal. Can any of you explain this numbers game? #PollSchedule (sic)”

Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee, also questioned the ECI and asked, “Whether election dates were announced at the instructions of Narendra Modi and Amit Shah?”

poll dates why 8 phase election in bengal election ask left tmc

“West Bengal has 294 seats, why will elections be held here in eight phases? This is for the benefit of whom? There should be some rationale behind the decision,” Banerjee said hours after the ECI announced the Assembly poll schedule.

Netizens also expressed surprised that in 234 seats Tamil Nadu polls will be conducted in single phase, but 294 seats Bengal will have eight phase. Saket Gokhale, tweeted, “The Election Commission doesn’t even feign neutrality anymore.”

However, BJP has welcomed the eight-phased longest ever polls during the peak of summer in Bengal.

State BJP spokesperson Shamik Bhattacharya said, while in Opposition, Banerjee has been demanding that Assembly polls in the State should be held in several phases with deployment of central forces.

क्या बढ़ रहा है किसान आंदोलन का कैचमेंट एरिया?

किसान आंदोलन को नब्बे दिनों से अधिक का समय बीत गया है। इस दौरान कुछेक मौके ऐसे आए जब ये दावे किए गए कि किसान आंदोलन कमज़ोर पड़ने लगा है। इन दिनों एक बार फिर कहीं-कहीं से यह बात सुनाई दे रही है कि दिल्ली सीमा स्थित सिंघु, टिकरी और गाजीपुर धरना-स्थलों पर लोगों की संख्या कम दिख रही है। ऐसे में यह आंदोलन मंद पड़ने लगा है।

प्रश्न यह है कि सच्चाई क्या है और किसान आंदोलन की दिशा किस ओर है? वहीं, इन धरना-स्थलों से जुड़ी तमाम तस्वीरों और वीडियो से तो यह जाहिर होता है कि वहां खासी संख्या में लोग अब भी बने हुए हैं। ये तस्वीरें और वीडियो इस तादाद तक हैं कि इन पर संदेह करने का कोई कारण दिखाई नहीं देता है। फिर भी यदि यह बात मान लें कि किसान आंदोलन के धरना-स्थलों से आधी तक भीड़ छट गई है तो रणनीतिक स्तर पर ऐसा लगता नहीं है कि आंदोलनकारियों का स्वर दब रहा है। उल्टा आंदोलन की अब तक की यात्रा देखें तो यही वह पड़ाव है जब इसका स्वरूप बदलते हुए दिख रहा है और यह पहले से अधिक विस्तार पा रहा है।

पहली बात तो किसान आंदोलन में लोगों की संख्या में आई गिरावट से जुड़े दावे एक एजेंडा के तहत भी हो सकते हैं, ताकि किसानों का मनोबल टूटे और वे सरकार की बात मानने के लिए तैयार हो सकें।

दूसरी तरफ़, आज की तारीख़ में बात करें तो पश्चिम उत्तर-प्रदेश गन्ना बेल्ट है और पंजाब व हरियाणा गेंहू बेल्ट है। इसीलिए रबी के मौसम की इन दोनों फ़सलों की अच्छी उपज़ लेने की तैयारी में कई किसान अपने-अपने ख़ेतों में काम कर रहे हैं। हालांकि, भौगोलिक नज़रिए से ऐसा भी नहीं है कि किसी भी परिस्थिति में किसान कुछ घंटों में धरना-स्थलों तक न पहुंच सकें। दूसरी बात यह है कि ख़ासतौर से पश्चिम उत्तर-प्रदेश और हरियाणा में ज़गह-ज़गह महापंचायतों का आयोजन हो रहा है। इसी तरह, उत्तर-प्रदेश में कई किसान आगामी जिला पंचायत चुनाव की तैयारी में जुट गए हैं।

गांव-गांव, ढाणी ढाणी पहुंचा आंदोलन

धरना-स्थलों से दूर किसानों की महापंचायत और रैलियों में जुट रही भारी भीड़ से ज़ाहिर होता है कि यह आंदोलन धरना-स्थलों से दूर-दराज़ के गांवों तक फ़ैल रहा है और किसान गांव-गांव संगठित हो रहे हैं। कारण स्पष्ट है कि धरना-स्थल पर कई किसानों की मौत का असर केंद्र की नरेन्द्र मोदी सरकार पर पड़ता हुआ नहीं दिखाई दे रहा है। इसलिए, किसान नेताओं को अब यह लगने लगा है कि सरकार सिर्फ़ वोट प्रभावित होने से ही डरती है। ऐसे में उनकी कोशिश है कि यदि पंचायत स्तर पर भाजपा कमज़ोर पड़ जाए और स्थानीय चुनावों में पार्टी को हार का सामना करना पड़े तो संभवत: सरकार संयुक्त किसान मोर्चा की बात मानने पर मज़बूर हो जाए।

इन महापंचायतों की सफ़लता इस बात से भी आंकी जा सकती है कि उत्तर-प्रदेश राज्य सरकार की पुलिस इन्हें आयोजित करने वाले व्यक्तियों के ख़िलाफ़ सख़्ती से पेश आ रही है। जैसे कि पिछली 10 जनवरी को आयोजित अलीगढ़ महापंचायत में राज्य पुलिस ने करीब छह हज़ार लोगों पर मुकदमे क़ायम किए। इन महापंचायतों में यदि पुलिस की घेराबंदियों के बावज़ूद हज़ारों की तादाद में भीड़ आ रही है तो ऐसी स्थिति में गाजीपुर सीमा की भीड़ उतना मायने नहीं रखती है। इसका अर्थ यह है कि किसान आंदोलन अब विकेन्द्रित होता जा रहा है।

दूसरी तरफ़, संयुक्त किसान मोर्चा की रणनीति बदली हुई है। मोर्चा ‘रेल रोको’ अभियान की तरह अब ऐसे कॉल कर रहा है जिससे यह आंदोलन प्रसार पा सके। देखा जाए तो बात महज़ तीन क़ानूनों की वापिसी की मांग से शुरू हुई थी, मगर अब गांव-गांव आंदोलन होने से ख़ेती-किसानी से जुड़े हर संकट पर बात हो रही है। इस नज़रिए से इसका एक्सटेंशन शुभ संकेत है।

हालांकि, रैली में भीड़ इसकी सफ़लता का एक पैमाना हो सकता है। लेकिन, सफ़लता का असल पैमाना यह होना चाहिए कि किसान नेता हर रैली में अपनी बात ठीक तरह से लोगों तक पहुंचा पा रहे हैं। यदि किसान नेता इन रैलियों में अपनी बात ठीक तरह से पहुंचा पा रहे हैं तो यह निकट भविष्य में देखना होगा कि स्थानीय किसान नेता ऐसी बातों को किस सीमा तक और अधिक लोगों तक आगे पहुंचा पाते हैं या नहीं।

कैसे बन रही है हवा

किसान आंदोलन का स्वरूप बदलने के बावज़ूद यह बात महत्त्वपूर्ण है कि यह किसी एक नेता के पीछे खड़ा आंदोलन नहीं बन पाया है। संभवत: इसकी वजह से देश के अन्य राज्यों में भी किसान-आंदोलन के समर्थन की ख़बरें आ रही हैं। उदाहरण के लिए, महाराष्ट्र के यवतमाल से लेकर मुंबई के आज़ाद मैदान तक किसान जुटे हैं। वहीं, पहले किसान नेताओं को बैठक आयोजित करने के लिए ख़ुद पहल करनी पड़ती थी, लेकिन अब स्थानीय स्तर पर कई राज्यों के किसान आंदोलन से जुड़े बड़े नेताओं को आमंत्रित कर रहे हैं। जैसे कि कुछ दिनों पहले ही महाराष्ट्र के ही यवतमाल में करीब चालीस सामाजिक संगठनों ने राकेश टिकैत को रैली में बुलाए जाने की मांग पर एक जनसभा आयोजित की।

इसी तरह, यह बात भी अहम है कि यदि शरीर में बीमारी है तो एक ज़गह दबाने का अर्थ यह नहीं है कि वह समाप्त होगी। हो सकता है कि वह शरीर के दूसरे अंग से फ़ूट जाए। इस आंदोलन ने किसानों की दुख-तकलीफ़ों को सतह पर ला दिया है। इसकी वजह से कृषि संकट से जुड़े कई प्रश्न भी सामने आ गए हैं और उन पर व्यापक चर्चा भी हो रही है। लेकिन, समाज के दूसरे तबक़े भी ख़ुश हैं तो ऐसा नहीं है। देश की आर्थिक स्थिति को देखते हुए ख़ासकर बेरोज़गार युवा, सार्वजनिक उपक्रमों से जुड़े कर्मचारी और मज़दूरों का असंतोष संगठित तरीके से सामने आना बाक़ी है। ऐसे तबक़ों के लिए मौज़ूदा किसान आंदोलन एक प्रेरक घटनाक्रम की तरह है। ऐसे तबक़े संगठित और प्रभावशाली होंगे तो मालूम नहीं किंतु यह ख़बर भी किसी से छिपी नहीं है कि ये भी अपने-अपने स्तर पर अपनी-अपनी मांगों को लेकर व्यापक आंदोलन की तैयारी कर रहे हैं। कल को हो सकता है कि सरकार इसी तरह से उनके आंदोलनों को भी दबाने की कोशिश करे, लेकिन फिर कहीं और से गुस्सा फ़ूटेगा। इसलिए, सरकार को ज़रूरत इस बात की है कि वह नीतिगत मोर्चे पर अपनी समीक्षा करे और ऐसी योजनाएं बनाए जिससे ज़्यादा से ज़्यादा वंचित तबक़ों को लाभ मिले।

दूसरी तरफ़, किसान आंदोलन के साथ बदली हुई परिस्थितियों में बात की जाए तो पश्चिम उत्तर-प्रदेश में राष्ट्रीय लोकदल और कांग्रेस जैसे दलों को पैर पसारने के लिए ज़मीन मिल गई है। क्योंकि, किसान आंदोलन से पहले इस क्षेत्र में जयंत चौधरी से लेकर प्रियंका गांधी तक को रैलियों में भीड़ जुटाना मुश्किल होता था। लेकिन, अब तस्वीर बदल गई है और इनकी रैलियों के दौरान बड़ी संख्या में आ रही भीड़ से यह पुष्टि होती है कि गैर-भाजपा दलों को अपना राजनैतिक अस्तित्व हासिल करने का मौका मिला है। ऐसा इसलिए संभव हुआ है कि इस आंदोलन से किसान यूनियनों में भी एक नई चेतना आई है।

एक संदेश यह भी

शुरुआत में यह आंदोलन किसानों का था। लेकिन, अब इससे अन्य तबक़े जुड़ रहे हैं तो इसकी वजह है। दरअसल, कृषि क़ानूनों से यदि किसान प्रभावित होगा तो इसका मतलब यह है कि इनसे पूरी ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था प्रभावित होगी। वहीं, देश की ग्रामीण पट्टी में कोरोना महामारी के कारण लोगों के पास बड़ी संख्या में काम नहीं है। बहुत संभव है कि ऐसे लोगों का एक हिस्सा किसानों के साथ हमदर्दी रखे और उन्हें समर्थन दे। यही कारण है कि पंजाब से चला आंदोलन आज विस्तार पा गया है। आज सिंघु सीमा नेपथ्य में जा रही है। टिकरी और गाजीपुर की सीमाएं भी नेपथ्य में जा रही हैं। इसके पीछे कारण यह है कि इनसे ज़्यादा भीड़ अब अन्य ज़गहों पर ज़मा हो रही है। फिर ख़ास बात यह है कि किसान महापंचायत और रैलियां गांव-गांव आयोजित हो रही हैं इसलिए गांव में किसान से लेकर अन्य वर्ग के परिवारों को उनकी अपनी ज़गह पर सीधे जुड़ने का मौका मिल रहा है।

Is Narendra Modi still undefeatable?

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At 8-30 PM on January 18, 1977, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi announced over All India Radio – first in Hindi and then in English – that she had requested the President to dissolve the Lok Sabha and order elections, possibly in March. In her broadcast to the nation, she listed the gains of Emergency and said that the restrictions (imposed with the promulgation of Emergency on June 25, 1975) would be ‘relaxed’ to allow political parties to campaign. Two days later Minister of Information and Broadcasting V C Shukla announced the government’s decision not to enforce censorship (on newspapers).

Though such a move by Indira Gandhi has been in the air for some time, the Opposition leaders were taken by surprise by the timing. Some of them were still in jails. They had launched an agitation against Indira Gandhi under the leadership of Jayaprakash Narayan. The agitation was intensified after the Allahabad High Court judgement in mid-June disqualifying Indira Gandhi. They were all put in jails with the announcement of Emergency.

On January 20, leaders of Congress (O), Jana Sangh, Bharatiya Lok Dal (BLD) and Socialist Party (SP) took stock of the situation and agreed to contest the elections in the name of Janata Party. ‘The process of merger’, they decided, would continue ‘till after the elections’. It was a conglomeration of disparate parties, abhorrent of each other in normal times, but brought together by Indira Gandhi’s Emergency rule.

However, the people were not enthused to the extent the Opposition leaders were expecting. There were those who had seen the ‘gains’ of Emergency; some others were impressed by the leadership qualities of Indira Gandhi and favoured giving her another chance. A friend of mine, who was a fiery critic of Indira Gandhi and frequently brought me the banned literature during the Emergency, remarked that he had now nothing to say against Indira Gandhi and that he did not think the Opposition parties would be able to stay together even if they won the elections. Most important was the feeling of fear, generated among people by Indira/Sanjay Gandhi’s highhanded methods during the Emergency. Those who wanted to vote against Indira Gandhi’s Congress were apprehensive about being victimised if she came back to power. People did not discuss politics or elections in public places and talked to trusted friends only when no stranger was around.

Some change – though very minor, and that, too, among the educated class – was perceptible after January 28. Justice A N Ray had retired as Chief Justice of India on January 28 and M H Beg had succeeded him by superseding H R Khanna who was senior to Beg. In protest Justice Khanna had resigned. During the Emergency no judge would have taken such a risk. There was an impressive crowd at Ramlila Ground where the Janata Party held its first election meeting on January 30. Chairman of Janata Party Morarji Desai presided, though the main attraction was Atal Behari Vajpayee.

Jagjivan Ram resigned from the cabinet and the Congress on February 2 and formed a new party called Congress For Democracy (CFD) along with Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna and Nandini Satpathy. That changed the atmosphere dramatically as it conveyed the message to the people that Indira Gandhi’s Congress was now a sinking ship. Janata Party’s meetings started swelling in contrast to the crowds in Congress meetings. Indira Gandhi inaugurated her party’s election campaign at Ramlila Ground on February 5. Originally it was to be inaugurated by Sanjay Gandhi but Jagjivan Ram’s resignation had obviously pushed him into the background. The meeting was thinly attended. Even those present were not in a mood to listen to Congress leaders. Indira Gandhi had to cut short her speech abruptly as the people were leaving. The next day the same Ramlila Ground was overflowing with people coming to listen to Jayaprakash Narayan and Jagjivan ram. The BBC, in its 9-30 PM Hindi bulletin called it ominous for Mrs Gandhi. The rest is history.

Narendra Modi today is in the position in which Indira Gandhi was in January 1977. The difference is that he is more powerful than Indira Gandhi then was, more unscrupulous, more devoid of ethics and morality, more ruthless in misusing police agencies against his critics and more megalomaniac. He has a knack for manipulating elections the way Indira Gandhi could never do – even by getting inserted in voters’ lists of fake voters in large numbers. In 2014, he was elected from Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency by a margin of 3, 71,784 votes over his nearest rival Arvind Kejriwal of AAP. When a routine revision of the voters’ lists was held by the Election Commission in November 2014, over 6.47 lakh fake voters were detected in the lists.

The Opposition parties, the main pillars of a democracy, are in a worse shape than in 1977. They are more apprehensive of each other’s moves than trying to work out an effective strategy to check Modi’s authoritarianism. They need a Jayaprakash Narayan to unite them for a common cause and a Jagjivan ram to push Modi to the defensive. Both appear a distant dream as of today.

“Rate of transmission of SARS Coronavirus Type 2 within affected communities may be faster”

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Kolkata: It is almost a year since Covid-19 virus was first identified. However, once again the world is on red alert, this time because of new Covid-19 variant which has been detected in the U.K. The severity of the infection and its transmissibility is still being assessed, however scientists believe that it can be more infectious. Dr. Sanjay Bhattacharya, Consultant Microbiology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata helps eNewsroom track the virus movement across the world, at the same time, he sheds light on the efficacy of the new vaccine being rolled out and its impact in India.

eNewsroom: So far there are more than 240 mutations found in India. How concerned we should be about the new variant?

Dr. Sanjay: New strains or new variants of SARS Coronavirus Type 2 have emerged in different parts of the world. They were first reported from the United Kingdom and then subsequently from South Africa and Brazil. These strains are genetic variants of the SARS CoV-2 virus which evolves as a result of various selection pressures. Variation in genetic composition of microbes over time as a result of evolutionary pressures are not uncommon and are seen in most microbes associated with various infectious diseases (examples include Influenza virus, HIV among others). It has been observed by researchers that these variants have a greater propensity to spread from person and person; hence the rate of transmission within affected communities may be faster. In India, research and reference laboratories approved by the government have developed tests to detect these variants. These tests are complex and expensive and cannot be done in any lab doing Covid -19 sample testing. Variants detected within India are generally from travellers coming from countries affected by the variant strains. We need to be careful and do the standard things recommended by the government in all situations. 

eNewsroom: What according to you will be the efficacy of the new vaccines being rolled out in the market, will it still remain as effective? 

Dr. Sanjay: The efficacy of the Covid vaccine against the variant strains is a subject of ongoing clinical research. For assessment of vaccine efficacy longitudinal studies over weeks, months and sometimes years have to be done. As vaccination against Covid-19 becomes more common we will learn in the due course the relative efficacy of various vaccines against common and variant strains. 

eNewsroom: Should there be any additional measure to protect oneself from the new strain in Kolkata? 

Dr. Sanjay: Caution is required while travelling, especially travelling abroad to countries affected by the new variant strains. Quarantine and testing are required post arrival from the affected countries. We should also follow whatever the health authorities in our respective areas advise. This may imply certain travel restrictions, use of standard precautions, testing of symptomatic and contacts. 

 eNewsroom: What is the implication of the virus in India? 

 Dr. Sanjay: India has done well in controlling the virus through elaborate testing, travel restrictions, and other Covid-19 related health and social measures. We need to follow guidelines provided by the government. Only time can tell what would-be long-term implications of the new variant strain within India. 

Multiple factors affect infection related outcomes- virus factor is one of them but there are also host factors (mainly related to the optimal response of the human body’s immune response to the virus. Besides timelines of diagnosis and medical interventions make a lot of difference. The public should strictly follow government’s health advisories, standard precautions including use of mask, hand hygiene and social distancing as far as possible); get tested if symptomatic. Covid-19 is a global infectious disease which is testing our society’s preparedness with respect to healthcare and adherence to guidelines. 

 

Will BJP’s electoral promises in Bengal turn out to be another ‘jumla’?

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New Delhi: Amid chants of “Jai Shri Ram”, union home minister Amit Shah flagged off Bharatiya Janata Party’s (BJP) fifth and final rath yatra on Thursday, in South-24 Parganas district for the upcoming assembly polls in West Bengal.

“With these Parivartan Yatras (rallies for change) we will reach every door in Bengal with the Jai Shri Ram slogan,” said Shah while terming BJP’s political slogan as “symbol” of alleged “anti-appeasement politics” of Bengal chief minister Mamata Banerjee.

While addressing a public gathering, among other announcements, Shah also promised to provide 33% reservation to women in government jobs in the state if people of Bengal bring BJP in power.

Just a week ago during his first visit when Shah had started first “Parivartan Yatra” from Cooch Behar, he made two other lucrative promises — credit of Rs 18,000 in each farmer’s account and citizenship to the Matua community through the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA).

At the beginning of February, finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman while presenting the central government’s Budget 2021, allocated Rs 25,000 crore for infrastructure in Bengal. Railway minister Piyush Goyal also allocated Rs 6,636 crore for rail projects in the state. Besides Bengal, BJP has also announced multi-crore allocations for infrastructure development in three other poll-bound states — Assam, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The Trinamool Congress (TMC) government in West Bengal has also proposed an outlay of Rs 29,96,88 crore in its state Budget 2021-22.

All recent budgetary allocations and promises made by the saffron party are part of its strategy to defeat the Trinamool government led by chief minister Mamata Banerjee. But, despite all this, there is a tough fight for BJP which has been dreaming to overthrow the Mamata Banerjee government since 2014, when it came to power at the centre.

bjp electoral promises west bengal jumla election caa citizenship matuas jobs women reservation
Screenshot of BJP’s 2014 Lok Sabha Election manifesto

‘Jumla’ politics

Political scientist Prof. Dwaipayan Bhattacharya at Jawaharlal Nehru University, while speaking to eNewsroom said that budgetary allocation would not decide electoral verdict for either the BJP or the TMC but “how such allocation is played out in public domain” and “a lot will depend, [on] which party will sound more convincing” to the voters.

Prof. Bhattacharya maintained, “While a section of Bengal’s electorate wants alignment with those in power at the Centre, a good number also prefers federal autonomy for the state. The TMC’s insider-outsider rhetoric is meant mainly to appeal the latter.”

In the 2016 state elections, BJP could win only three out of 294 assembly seats. But it got 18 seats out of 42 in the Lok Sabha election (2019) which enhanced its hope.

Kavita Krishnan, a politburo member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) — Liberation (CPI(ML)-Liberation) doubted the impact of Union Budget allocations to Bengal and Amit Shah’s promises.

“BJP can’t use the centre’s funds as a bribe for political gain in the assembly election. BJP has already made much mistrust. They don’t know Bengal politics and its society. Amit Shah has made vague promises. There is unease for BJP in Bengal,” Krishnan said while recalling Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s promise to deliver Rs 15 lakh to each citizen’s bank account during the 2014 general elections which was later termed as a ‘jumla’ by the then BJP president Amit Shah in a TV interview.

BJP’s vague electoral promises

During the 2015 Bihar elections, PM Modi had himself promised a Rs 1.25-crore special package for Bihar while campaigning but it was not delivered after BJP lost the election as revealed in an RTI reply filed by RTI activist Anil Galgali to the Union finance ministry in December 2016.

During the 2020 assembly polls in Bihar, BJP faced severe criticism for announcing “free coronavirus vaccination for all” if the party came to power.

In May 2020, BJP had announced Rs 20 lakh crore as special economic relief during the Covid-19 pandemic to uplift India from the economic slowdown and make it self-reliant (Atmanirbhar Bharat). But, since then there is no official report that can suggest how much money the central government spent in various states.

In 2014, BJP had promised in its manifesto that it would bring 33 percent reservation for women in the parliament, which was never even discussed in the house in these years.

Promise for the creation one crore jobs for the youth was made by none other than Modi himself in 2013, as PM candidate but it has become a dream for the youths of India. Instead of new job creation, the decision of demonetization and lockdown, crores of Indians have lost jobs in the recent past.

Party had also promised to implement the Swaminathan Commission’s recommendations, doubling farmers’ income and assurance of higher Minimum Support Price (MSP) for productivity. But later on in June 2018, PM Modi announced a plan to double farmers’ income by 2022.

Contrary to its promises, BJP brought three new farm laws last year without consultation with farmers’ groups. Consequently, thousands of farmers have been agitating against the laws at Delhi’s borders since November 2020.

 CAA and Matuas

It is clear that with just lofty financial announcements, BJP cannot dent into the bastion of TMC. Hence, it has come up with its trump card, the CAA and other possible Hindutva politics tools. BJP has been promising citizenship for Bangla-speaking Hindus in Assam and Bengal from Bangladesh, claiming that Muslims from the neighbouring country are regularly infiltrating. But in Bengal, it seems scared to talk about the National Register of Citizenship (NRC). Due to delaying over formulating rules by the central government, TMC sees CAA implementation as a sham.

Both BJP and TMC have an eye on the Matua community as it shares a good proportion of population in the state. But Shah’s promise to grant them citizenship after winning the election, when the Covid-19 vaccination process is completed, is questionable.

Kavita Krishnan said that BJP was using CAA as a bargaining tool during election time. “BJP is transparently dishonest. Despite one year after bringing CAA, why didn’t they grant them citizenship? Citizenship is granted by the central government, not by the state government. So why are they promising it in a state election?” asked Krishnan. She added that the BJP government which is in power at the Centre for about seven years should seek votes based on its performance.

Prof. Bhattacharya pointed out, “Sections of Matuas don’t want CAA-NRC since the twin laws demand that they prove their citizenship afresh with documents while many had always claimed legitimate citizenship. To claim that they are persecuted refugees without adequate papers would invalidate their previous claims.”

How a wheel-chair bound patient’s indomitable spirit created Shaheen Bagh like anti-CAA protest in Kolkata

Kolkata: If anti-Citizenship Amendment Act protest at Shaheen Bagh gave Dadi (Bilkis Bano) to the world, Park Circus Maidan site at Kolkata gave Asmat Aapa. The anti-CAA activist Asmat Jamil was backbone of Park Circus sit-in protest.

Nostalgia, pain and grief were rife at the Park Circus Maidan, when fellow activists assembled to pay their last homage to their beloved Asmat Jamil, fondly addressed as Asmat baji. It was the same spot, where she with a handful of homemakers began a sit-in demonstration on January 7, 2020.

Her dedication, perseverance and never say die attitude propelled the wheelchair-bound, ailing lady into a mass leader.

Asmat, an advanced stage cancer patient, who frequently had to undergo dialysis led the anti-CAA movement from the forefront. She was seen busy motivating, coordinating or planning strategies with people who became part of the movement at the dharnasthal.

Thanks to her and many other women who joined the movement at her call, Park Circus Maidan not only emerged as major protest site till Covid-19 forced the activists to go back to the confines of their home. The zeal and enthusiasm of Asmat and her fellow activists made well-known anti-CAA faces including Shaheen Bagh’s Bilkis Bano alias Dadi, Tushar Gandhi, Rajratna Ambedkar visit the dharnasthal.

While speaking to eNewsroom, when the movement was at its peak, Asmat had said, “I might be physically unwell, but I understand the health risk involved but that is not going to stop me from coming here. I will not let the politicians with ulterior motives shred the unity and secular fabric of India.”

Listen to Asmat Jamil during her anti-CAA protest at Park Circus Maidan:

And it was this attitude of hers that made Asmat popular among the activists.

“Asmat Baji was a simple homemaker,” recalled Ratnabali Roy, a theatre artist, who was a regular face at the Park Circus dharnasthal. “She was unwell, battling cancer and a kidney ailment, but that didn’t stop her from leading the movement. She inspired us,” Roy reminisced. She maintained that the love for the Constitution that Asmat bore was comparable to her love for the three children that she has left behind.

Debu Shaw, a regular night guard at the dharnasthal, broke into tears, as he remembered his Asmat Baji. He pointed out, “I hold these anti-human laws responsible for her death. She was so worried about the democratic fabric of India being shredded to bits by CAA and NRC that she never cared about her health. She was so dedicated to the cause that she was here always, leading the movement from the forefront.”

Meanwhile, fellow activist, Manzar Jameel, remembered her as the face of the movement, who even in her death has left many inspired. He mentioned, “We are here to bid the final farewell to the lady who became the symbol of vigil against the citizenship regime.”

Adding to that Rafay Siddiqui, another activist from Kolkata said, “She was a role model. Sadly, we have lost her. But even in her death, she has left thousands of Asmat Jamils, who will be back on the streets if needed.” He recalled how Asmat had to rush to Mumbai’s Tata Memorial Centre for treatment when the movement was at its peak. “But that visit didn’t deter her from coming to the dharnasthal.”

Wali Rahmani, a youth icon, who also protested against CAA with Asmat added, “Despite being fragile health-wise, this iron lady kept fighting against the fascist government for the rights of the citizens. History shall indebted to her sacrifices.”

क्यों अर्थव्यवस्था के मामले में भारत बांग्लादेश से नीचे 161 वें पायदान पर है?

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क्या तेज़ गति से बढ़ती अर्थव्यवस्था के हिसाब से भारत का स्थान दुनिया में 164 है? दुनिया के 193 देशों में से हम 164 वें नंबर पर हैं? प्रोफेसर कौशिक बसु के ट्वीट से यही जानकारी मिलती है। प्रो बसु विश्व बैंक के पूर्व मुख्य अर्थशास्त्री और अमरीका की कॉरनेल यूनिवर्सिटी के प्रोफेसर हैं। प्रोफेसर बसु ने लिखा है कि 5 साल पहले भारत अग्रिम कतार के देशों में था। आज 164 वें नंबर पर है।

प्रोफेसर बसु ने statisticstimes.com का लिंक दिया है। इस साइट पर सबसे पहले यही लिखा है कि आंकड़े अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मुद्रा कोष (IMF) से लिए गए हैं। 2020 में किस देश की कितनी जीडीपी रहेगी उसका अनुमान लगाया गया है। दुनिया के सिर्फ तीन देश हैं जिनकी जीडीपी 3 प्रतिशत से ऊपर रहेगी उनमें से एक भारत का पड़ोसी बांग्लादेश है। बांग्लादेश से ऊपर गुयाना और दक्षिण सुडान हैं। इसके अनुसार दुनिया की 193 में से 167 अर्थव्यवस्थाएं माइनस में रहेंगी। निगेटिव। सोचिए दुनिया की 79 प्रतिशत अर्थव्यवस्था निगेटिव में हैं। केवल 26 अर्थव्यवस्थाएं 2020 में सकारात्मक विकास दर हासिल करेंगी। जिनमें से 12 एशिया और अफ्रीका में हैं। सभी यूरोपीय और अमरीकी अर्थव्यवस्था का विस्तार रूक जाएगा।

चौपट अर्थव्यवस्था के दौर में भारतीय जनता ने महंगाई को जिस तरह गले लगाया है वह अद्भुत है। हर बढ़ती हुई कीमत जनता को स्वीकार है। जनता ने महंगाई को लेकर सरकार को मनोवैज्ञानिक दबाव से मुक्त कर दिया है। लोग ख़ुशी ख़ुशी 98-100 रुपये लीटर पेट्रोल ख़रीद रहे हैं बिज़नेस मंदा है। सैलरी कम है। कमाई कम है। नौकरी नहीं है। इसके बाद जिस तरह से जनता झूम कर एक लीटर पेट्रोल के लिए 98-100 रुपये दे रही है वह अद्भुत है। तेल कंपनियां चाहें तो मौके का फायदा उठाकर 200 तक कर सकती हैं। जनता वह भी ख़ुशी ख़ुशी दे देगी। वह विपक्ष के मुंह पर ज़ोरदार तमाचा मारने का कोई मौक़ा नहीं गंवाना चाहती है।

विपक्ष सर धुन रहा है कि जनता ही विरोध नहीं कर रही है तो वह कहां पोस्टर बैनर लेकर धरना देने जाए और जाने से भी कोई दिखाएगा नहीं, कोई छापेगा नहीं। गोदी मीडिया ने भी महंगाई नाम के मुद्दे की मौत का एलान कर दिया है। महंगाई और रोज़गार इन दो मुद्दों से भारत मुक्त हो चुका है। नौकरी की मांग करने वाले बेरोज़गारों को एक मिनट में काबू किया जा सकता है। तुरंत धर्म के ख़तरे से संबंधित कोई मीम भेज कर या उसकी रक्षा करने से संबंधित बयान देकर। इन चीज़ों से भारत के युवाओं को जितनी मनोवैज्ञानिक सुरक्षा मिलती है उतनी किसी चीज़ से नहीं। नौकरी नहीं चाहिए।उन्हें दो चीज़ चाहिए। एक धर्म से नफ़रत। एक धर्म पर गौरव। मेरी राय में यह दोनों ही चीज़ें प्रचुर मात्रा में सबको दी जा रही हैं।

हम एक ऐतिहासिक दौर से गुज़र रहे हैं। जनता महंगाई और बेरोज़गारी से परेशान नहीं है। जो सरकारी कंपनियां बिक रही हैं वहां इस फैसले का विरोध करने वाले इस बात से कम दुखी हैं कि सरकार बेच रही है, इस बात से ज़्यादा दुखी है कि भक्त लोग सरकार के फैसले के साथ हैं। इन कंपनियों के कर्मचारी ही कहते हैं कि अभी भी बहुत लोग हैं जो कहते हैं कि मोदी जी जो कर रहे हैं वो सोच समझ ही कर रहे हैं। सही बात है। सोच समझकर करने से ही तो अर्थव्यवस्था की ये हालत है। कि अभी हम डूबे हैं। उस पर ताला बंद नहीं हुआ है। इसके लिए तारीफ़ तो होनी ही चाहिए।

Modi govt should answer, does it believe in freedom of expression or not —Paranjoy Guha Thakurta

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Kolkata: Senior journalist and author, Paranjoy Guha Thakurta is in Kolkata to release the Bangla version of his co-authored book Real Face of Facebook in India. The timing of the launch of the book becomes significant as Bengal’s important election is round the corner. The 65- year-old journalist is facing several cases from the corporate world for his investigative work, talked at length about his book, assault on journalists during the present regime, and how suppression of freedom of expression is ruining the image of India. Excerpts from the interview:

eNewsroom: You wrote a book on Facebook, can you elucidate this social media giant’s use and misuse during elections in India?

Paranjoy: First of all, when you talk about Facebook, it is not just Facebook but also WhatsApp and Instagram too. Today, not just in India, but also in other parts of the world, Facebook and WhatsApp are being misused. They are being used to spread misinformation, disinformation, and hateful information. The agenda is simple – increase enmity and violence between two communities. And before elections, it aims to simply influence people’s opinions. Those who have the money can hire trolls. They are paid to spread wrong information.

We are seeing that in the last few years, Facebook posts and WhatsApp messages behind every riot in India.

modi govt freedom of expression press facebook right wings Bengal election paranjoy guha thakurta

We have seen a senior Facebook officer Ankhi Das (Facebook India policy head) resigning. She had refused to put down the hateful messages of T Raja Singh (MLA from Telangana), Kapil Mishra (ex-MLA), and Anant Kumar Hegde (former Union Minister). She had even said that it is against “our business”. It is not me, who is saying, but what the Wall Street Journal, Reuters, Time, BuzzFeed is writing on Facebook.

In America and Austria, Members of Parliament and intellectuals are saying, Facebook has become so powerful that it should be brought under control. In America, the discussion is even going on that it (FB, WA, Insta) should be segregated. Here in India, we are seeing it being misused during the election.

I also find that Facebook and WhatsApp are being misused by right-wing groups. And the same is happening globally, not just in West Bengal or India.

Watch Paranjoy Guha Thakurta’s live interview: 

https://www.facebook.com/enewsroom.in/videos/184485406543958

eNewsroom: What is the solution? How to tackle the situation?

There is no easy solution to this. As Jawahar Sircar suggested today – ‘occupy Facebook, occupy WhatsApp’ can be one of the solutions. At the same time, we need to make the common man aware of social media being a two-edged sword, it can help you and harm you too. If you want to fight against those who are harming you, raising awareness is a must. If people believe whatever comes to WhatsApp, then the fight will get more difficult. As Ravish Kumar said, people are getting educated through WhatsApp University.

Unfortunately, crores of youth believe in whatever is forwarded to their WhatsApp inbox.

eNewsroom: Assault on journalists has been on the rise in India, especially during farmers’ protests.

As we are talking, right now, the Enforcement Directorate (ED) raid is on at the house of Prabir Purkayustha (NewsClick’s director). I think the government is misusing the agencies. Why do people who speak against PM Modi, Home Minister Amit Shah, Bhagwat, BJP, and RSS are being called anti-national? I love my country. I am a proud Indian.

Why do senior journalists like Mrinal Pande, Zafar Agha, Rajdeep (Sardesai), Vinod K Jose have to face sedition charges? And cases registered from one state to another. Kerala journalist (Kappan Siddiqui) has been slapped with sedition charges for reporting about the Hathras rape case. Why Mandeep (Punia) has to face FIR for reporting. How you are behaving against journalists, what it means. Do you believe in every citizen’s basic rights or not?

I do not say that you defame somebody or say something which triggers a riot. But I have a question to all those in power today, they should answer – do they believe in freedom of expression or not?

eNewsroom: Do you think this is ruining India’s global image?

Paranjoy: Today India’s reputation before is not good. Rihanna (pop singer) tweets and look, what the Indian government does! External Affairs ministry issues statement. Twitter has said, “we are not ready to obey your instruction”. I think it is foolish. The image of India, as the world’s largest democracy, is not getting bright, on the contrary, the BJP government and its supporters are ruining it.